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近日,《表型组学(英文)》(Phenomics)在线发表了兰州大学第一医院齐平博士团队题为"Progress in Intestinal Homeostasis and Mechanisms of Pancreatic Cancer"的综述。
胰腺癌是一种高发病率且预后极差的恶性肿瘤,严重威胁人类健康。该综述系统梳理了肠道稳态与胰腺癌之间的复杂关系,为该领域的研究者提供了宝贵的参考,为深入理解胰腺癌的发病机制提供了新视角,为潜在的治疗策略指明了新方向。
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论文DOI链接:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s43657-024-00189-3
论文引用格式:
Qi, Z., Qi, P., Jiang, X. et al. Progress in Intestinal Homeostasis and Mechanisms of Pancreatic Cancer. Phenomics (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43657-024-00189-3
01肠道菌群失调与胰腺癌的关联
胰腺癌患者的肠道微生物多样性降低,包括双歧杆菌和产生丁酸盐的细菌等有益菌减少,而大肠杆菌和志贺氏菌等潜在有害菌则增加。与正常胰腺组织相比,胰腺癌肿瘤中真菌的丰度高出3000倍,其中马拉色菌属最为普遍。胰腺癌标本中的细菌数量比正常组织高1000倍。与健康对照组相比,胰腺癌患者的粪便样本中的厚壁菌门丰度降低,而拟杆菌门、变形菌门、突养菌门和广古菌门则富集。肠道菌群失调通过参与癌基因激活、抑制免疫反应、诱导肿瘤微环境重编程、影响基因表达和细胞调控等多种机制诱发胰腺癌。致癌KRAS表达会影响肠道和胰腺微生物群的组成和多样性。肠道微生物代谢物的变化是导致胰腺癌发展的关键环节。
02
肠道屏障破坏与胰腺癌的关联
肠道屏障破坏和肠道微生物群紊乱共同导致肠道稳态的破坏,这在胰腺癌的发生发展中起着关键作用。肠道屏障破坏导致粘膜免疫功能障碍和肠道稳态失衡,加剧CD4+ T细胞向Th1表型的极化,增强CD8+ T细胞的细胞毒性表型(图1)。同时,肠道代谢物丙酸盐的减少会降低相关不变T细胞和调节性T细胞的丰度,损害肠粘膜和屏障功能,进而促进胰腺癌免疫微环境的进展;当肠道物理屏障受损时,其通透性增加,细菌得以通过受损屏障迁移至胰腺并在其中定植。非胰腺细菌通过其代谢物改变免疫耐受,脂多糖等肠道微生物产物直接促进癌细胞生长;当肠道化学屏障被破坏时,其润滑和隔离作用受损,细菌和病毒得以渗透至周围组织,引起微生物失调和代谢紊乱,影响全身代谢状态,为胰腺癌的发展创造有利环境。此外,胰腺癌本身会进一步损害肠粘膜,形成恶性循环,使肿瘤进展长期持续。
图1 肠道粘膜免疫特征的示意图
03
基于肠道稳态的治疗新策略
胰腺癌的防治面临巨大挑战,传统治疗手段效果有限。近年来,基于肠道稳态理论的新策略逐渐受到关注,由于肠道菌群失调与胰腺癌的发生发展密切相关,因此,调节肠道菌群、修复肠道屏障成为潜在的治疗方向,其中,合理使用益生菌有助于恢复肠道菌群平衡,增强免疫功能,精准使用抗生素可清除有害菌,但需避免过度使用导致的菌群失调;研究表明,肠道菌群可影响免疫治疗效果,通过调节肠道菌群,有望提高免疫治疗的响应率(图2);胰腺癌患者常伴有肠道屏障受损,导致炎症因子入血,修复肠道屏障,可减轻炎症反应,抑制肿瘤进展。本综述总结了调节肠道菌群、修复肠道屏障等新策略,为胰腺癌的治疗提供了新思路。
图2 肠道微生物群联合免疫治疗的示意图
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive and heterogeneous malignancy, with its incidence witnessed a global escalation in recent years. This tumor type is typically asymptomatic in its early stages, and the anatomical location of the pancreas renders it obscured, frequently leading to late detection. Its highly invasive growth pattern can readily invade surrounding tissues and organs, and pancreatic cancer exhibits poor sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality, but due to delayed diagnosis, most patients lose the opportunity for curative resection. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging malignancies, with a grave prognosis, and its incidence and mortality rates continue to rise annually. In recent years, the interplay between intestinal homeostasis and pancreatic cancer development has emerged as a burgeoning area of research. Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium state formed by the intricate interplay between the intestinal barrier and the intestinal environment (including intestinal microbiota). Further elucidating intestinal homeostasis and its association with pancreatic cancer pathogenesis will aid in exploring novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
排版 | 宋远丽
撰文 | 齐中华
编辑 | 戴诗璇
校审 | 齐 平
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