锂金属电池被看作是高能量密度电池技术的前沿，其性能超越了传统锂离子电池。然而，锂金属负极的库仑效率（CE）不佳，显著影响了电池的循环寿命。库仑效率是衡量锂电镀和剥离过程可逆性的关键指标。在实际应用中，锂金属负极低的库仑效率主要是因为产生了不活跃锂。不活跃锂的产生就好比电池里有了“沉睡的士兵”，无法正常参与电池的化学反应，从而降低了电池性能。要让锂金属电池真正走向实用，提高库仑效率至关重要。我们需要了解不活跃锂是如何产生的，然后想出有效的办法来提高库仑效率。科学家们对此进行了深入研究。他们探讨了库仑效率的核心原理、在不同电池配置中的重要性、计算方法、影响因素以及提高的潜在机制。同时，也总结了在实际条件下提高锂金属负极库仑效率的进展，包括复合锂负极和电解质工程策略。不过，要实现可行的锂金属电池，在液态电解质中提高锂金属负极库仑效率仍面临诸多挑战，未来还有很多研究工作要做。

期刊

EES Batteries

标题

Advances in high-coulombic-efficiency lithium metal anodes under practical conditions in liquid electrolytes

作者

Shu-Yu Sun, Xue-Qiang Zhang, Xue-Yi Yan, Zhao Zheng, Qian-Kui Zhanga  and  Jia-Qi Huang

摘要

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are regarded as the forefront of high-energy-density battery technology, surpassing the performance of traditional Li-ion batteries. However, their cycle life is notably impeded by the suboptimal coulombic efficiency (CE) of Li metal anodes. CE serves as a pivotal metric for the reversibility of Li plating and stripping processes. The low CE stems from the generation of inactive Li, a phenomenon exacerbated by practical operational conditions. Improving CE is paramount for the practical applications of Li metal batteries. It is crucial to comprehend the genesis of inactive Li and to devise effective strategies aimed at achieving high CE. This review delves into the core principles of CE, its significance across various battery configurations, methodologies for calculation, the pivotal factors influencing CE, and the underlying mechanisms for its enhancement. Subsequently, the review summarizes the advancements in achieving high-CE Li metal anodes under practical conditions, examining both composite Li anodes and electrolyte engineering strategies. Finally, the discussion turns to the challenges and prospective research avenues for enhancing the CE of Li metal anodes under practical conditions in liquid electrolytes, with the ultimate goal of realizing viable Li metal batteries.

原文链接

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/eb/d4eb00034j

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