Citation
Garova E, Chadromtsev B, Pedanov A, et al. (2025) A general methodological framework for hazard assessment in remote mountain areas combining geomorphological mapping with UAV survey. Journal of Mountain Science 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-024-9096-8
封面文章
山区一直是颇具吸引力的居所，也是旅游热点目的地。世界上许多山脉都有公路和铁路等基础设施横穿其中，山区人口和财产往往会面临地质灾害威胁，从而严重影响其经济发展。地质灾害风险的时空模式及其脆弱性的动态变化，既取决于灾害过程的空间范围，尤其是其规模和发生频率，也与社会内部的社会经济发展状况有关。例如，山地社区可能面临地球物理过程、物质运动（落石、泥石流、山体滑坡）、冰崩、雪崩、洪水以及其他水文气象灾害的威胁。此外，地质条件与气象状况的相互作用常常导致多灾种并发，即多种类型的灾害在同一地点同时发生，或相继以连锁反应的形式出现。在全球许多山区，灾害评估分析与实施具有悠久的传统，但学术团体近年来才投入大量精力评估山区的风险暴露程度并量化其脆弱性，以便更好地为适应策略和政策实施提供依据。然而，综合考虑灾害的动态性并将融合灾害地图的灾害过程和应对策略的技术性减灾方法应用到土地利用规划中的仍然不多，尤其是在偏远山区。
《山地科学学报（英文）》（2025年22卷第3期）的封面展示了自然灾害、人类对山区的利用以及减灾措施之间的相互关系。封面图片展示的是奥地利上陶恩（Obertauern）滑雪胜地沙伊德贝格（Scheidberg）和阿肯润恩（Achenrain）缆车的山谷车站，海拔约 1635 米。照片拍摄于夏季。这里沟壑纵横，存在严重的落石隐患。冬季的雪崩会威胁到邻近的卡茨伯格山口（Katschberg Pass）的公路。鉴于这个原因，在此处采取了工程措施。图中所见的由Trumer Schutzbauten公司建造的沟壑防护网，该防护网能够承受高达 150 千牛/平方米的冲击压力。此类防护网的一个典型特点是可以安装在自然灾害的堆积区域，且面向灾害发生的一侧无需拉绳固定，这样即使发生一些小事故，也能避免可能导致防护网失效的情况。正如图中部分受损的旧防护网所示，在奥地利阿尔卑斯山区，使用柔性防护网屏障有着悠久的传统。因此，相较于堤坝和其他刚性屏障等更为传统且成本高昂的减灾措施，使用柔性防护网屏障可以成为一种有效的替代方案。
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Cover Story
Mountains have always been attractive places to live, they are a tourist hotspot, and many of the world's mountain ridges are crossed by infrastructure such as roads and railways. As a result, people and assets in mountain regions are exposed to mountain hazards, with serious implications for economic development. The dynamics behind the spatial and temporal pattern of this exposure and the associated vulnerability depend on both the spatial extent of the different hazard processes, in particular their magnitude and frequency, and the socio-economic development within the society. For example, mountain communities are exposed to geophysical processes, mass movements (rockfall, debris flows, landslides), glacial and snow avalanches, floods and other hydro-meteorological hazards. In addition, the interaction between geological disposition and meteorological conditions often leads to multi-hazard situations, where several types of hazards occur simultaneously in the same place or successively as cascading events. Although the analysis and implementation of hazard assessment has a long tradition in many mountain regions worldwide, it is only recently that the research community has devoted significant efforts to assessing exposure and quantifying vulnerability in order to better inform adaptation and policy implementation. Nevertheless, approaches to technical mitigation of hazard processes and adaptation strategies that incorporate hazard maps into land-use planning may often remain fragmentary with respect to risk dynamics, especially but not only in remote mountain areas.
The cover of the Journal of Mountain Science (Vol. 22, No. 3) illustrates the interaction between natural hazards, human use of mountain areas and risk reduction measures. It shows the valley stations of the Scheidberg and Achenrain lifts in the Obertauern ski resort, Austria, at an altitude of about 1635 m in summer. Numerous gullies are subject to rockfall, and in winter snow avalanches threaten the adjacent Katschberg Pass road. For this reason, engineering solutions have been implemented, such as the Gully Net by Trumer Schutzbauten shown here (see also the related article “A general methodological framework for hazard assessment in remote mountain areas combining geomorphological mapping with UAV survey” in this issue). It can withstand impact pressures of up to 150 kN/m². A typical feature of such net structures is that they can be installed in the depositional areas of natural hazards without retaining ropes on the process-facing side, which prevents possible failure in the event of even minor incidents that could compromise the protective effect. The use of flexible net barriers therefore has a long tradition in the Austrian Alps, as the old and partly destroyed one in the foreground shows. They can therefore be an effective alternative to more traditional and costly mitigation measures such as dams and other rigid barriers.
作者简介
第一作者：Elena Garova （博士生）
Elena Garova received her BSc in Geography from Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, in 2018, followed by an MSc in Geology from the University of Iceland in 2020. She has been involved in both academic research and industrial projects. Elena’s research interests include geomorphology, geohazards and Quaternary sedimentary records, with a particular focus on tephrochronology for dating geological events and understanding environmental risks. After working with Trumer Schutzbauten, she is now a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, UK, working on the first tephrochronological framework for South Pacific islands.
埃琳娜·加罗娃于2018年在俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学获得地理学士学位，随后于2020年在冰岛大学获得地质学硕士学位。她既参与学术研究也参加产业项目的研发。埃琳娜的研究兴趣包括地貌学、地质灾害和第四纪沉积记录，特别关注用于测定地质事件并了解环境风险的火山灰年代学。她先前在特鲁默防护建筑公司（Trumer Schutzbauten）工作，现在是英国伦敦玛丽女王大学的博士生，致力于构建南太平洋岛屿的第一个火山灰年代学框架。
通讯作者：Sven Fuchs （博士）
Sven Fuchs is a senior researcher at the Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) in Vienna. He holds a Master’s degree from the University of Munich, Germany, and a PhD from the University of Innsbruck, Austria. His research interests include high-mountain geomorphology, mountain hazard risk management, the study of coupled human–environment systems, and vulnerability assessment for natural hazards. Beyond theoretical research, he is actively involved in applied science, working with transdisciplinary teams. His work has taken him to the mountain regions of Europe, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and the Russian Federation. He has authored over 250 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and books, making a significant contribution to the field.
斯文·福克斯是维也纳自然资源与生命科学大学（BOKU）山地风险工程研究所的高级研究员，他拥有德国慕尼黑大学的硕士学位和奥地利因斯布鲁克大学的博士学位。他的研究兴趣包括高山地貌、山区灾害风险管理、人类-环境耦合系统研究以及自然灾害脆弱性评估。除了理论研究外，他还积极参与应用科学，与跨学科团队合作。他的工作足迹遍布欧洲、东南亚、中亚和俄罗斯联邦的山区。他发表了超过250篇同行评审的文章、书章和书籍，对这一领域做出了重要贡献。
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