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[资料,科普] 诺贝尔奖的滞后期越来越长,将威胁、削弱诺贝尔奖作为科学上最受人尊敬的奖项地位
一、复习:诺贝尔奖发奖时间越来越晚
图1 诺贝尔奖得奖年份滞后出成果年份的时间:年。
当前,平均滞后时间:
化学奖 30年,医学奖 26年,物理学奖 28年,经济学奖 31年。
数据来自:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01418-8/tables/2
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01418-8
Table 2 Number of years elapsed between the publication of Nobel laureates’ most prominent work and the obtainment of a Nobel Prize, grouped by discipline and decade (1901–2019).
表2 按学科和十年(1901-2019年)分组的诺贝尔奖获得者最杰出作品发表与获得诺贝尔奖之间的年数。
Decade | Economics | Chemistry | Medicine | Physics | All sciences |
1901–1910 | — | 16 | 16 | 12 | 14 |
1911–1920 | — | 12* | 10* | 9* | 10* |
1921–1930 | — | 11* | 15* | 12 | 12* |
1931–1940 | — | 10* | 11* | 9* | 10* |
1941–1950 | — | 17* | 11* | 17* | 14* |
1951–1960 | — | 16 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
1961–1970 | 32* | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18* |
1971–1980 | 32 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 19 |
1981–1990 | 34 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
1991–2000 | 32 | 21 | 21 | 25 | 24 |
2001–2010 | 30 | 23 | 22 | 28 | 26 |
2011–2019 | 31 | 30* | 26* | 28* | 29* |
Mean Lapse | 31.4 | 18.2 | 16.8 | 18.5 | 19.5 |
No of Laureates | 84 | 175 | 211 | 204 | 674 |
Calculations marked with a (*) denote cases where data are not available for the whole decade, or decades containing years in which the Nobel Prize was not awarded in the specific discipline. In most of the cases this is due to World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Specifically, the Nobel Prize was not awarded in 1916–17, 1919, 1924, 1933, and 1940–42, in Chemistry, in 1915–18, 1921, 1925, and 1940–42, in Medicine-Physiology, and in 1916, 1931, 1934, and 1940–42, in Physics. It is also noted that the Economics Nobel Prize was first awarded in 1969 and that the database of Li et al. (2019) does not include the period 2017–2019.
二、复习:科学家做出重要成果的年龄越来越大
图2 科学家出大成果年龄持续增大
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1102895108
Age dynamics in scientific creativity, 2011, PNAS
参考资料:
[1] 科学网,徐锐,2023-10-10,诺奖越来越“迟到”
https://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2023/10/376540.shtm
Fortunato指出,如果获奖间隔继续拉长,一些杰出科学家很可能会因为禁止追授奖项的规定而与诺贝尔奖失之交臂。因此,人们应该重新考虑禁止追授奖项的规定的合理性,使更多人的研究成果得到应有的认可。(徐锐)
[2] Pandelis Mitsis. The Nobel Prize time gap [J]. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 2022, 9(1): 1-11
doi: 10.1057/s41599-022-01418-8
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01418-8
[3] 新华网,2015-10-07 08:08:05,诺贝尔科学奖为什么经常姗姗来迟?
http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-10/07/c_128292966.htm
从1901-2014年间获得诺贝尔科学奖的得主情况看,从发表科研成果到获奖,物理、生理学或医学奖的最长滞后时间均为55年左右,相比较化学奖的最长滞后时间最小,为37年。
[4] 科学网,张蕾 来源:光明日报 发布时间:2014-4-10 10:09:56,《自然》文章:时间滞后将威胁诺奖地位
https://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2014/4/291709.shtm
在1940年以前,只有11%的诺贝尔物理学奖、15%的诺贝尔化学奖、24%的诺贝尔生理或医学奖的研究发现需要等上超过20年才颁发给发现者;但到了1985年,上面三个数字分别变成60%、52%和45%。圣·福尔图纳托等人发现,等待诺贝尔奖的平均时间继续呈指数态增长,而且随着等待时间的变长,诺贝尔奖获得者平均的领奖年龄也在增加——到本世纪末,甚至将超过他们的预期寿命。
[5] Santo Fortunato. Growing time lag threatens Nobels [J]. Nature, 2014, 508(7495): 186-186
doi: 10.1038/508186a
https://www.nature.com/articles/508186a
[6] Benjamin F. Jones, Bruce A. Weinberg. Age dynamics in scientific creativity [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2011, 108(47): 8910-18914 (NOV 22 2011)
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1102895108
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1102895108
以前的《科学网》相关博文链接:
[1] 2024-07-23 22:49,[笔记,科普,资料] 诺贝尔奖相关知识与资料
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1443474.html
[2] 2025-05-26 22:15,[趣闻,历史] 居里夫人(Marie Curie, née Skłodowska)获得诺贝尔奖的年龄:36、44 岁
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1487325.html
[3] 2024-11-12 22:49,[趣闻] 如何获得诺贝尔奖 How to win numerous Nobel prizes
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1459754.html
[4] 2024-10-06 22:29,[打听,科技政策] 2001年日本的“诺贝尔奖获得者50年30人, ノーベル賞受賞者50年で30人”是马后炮、事后诸葛亮吗?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1454044.html
[5] 2023-01-16 16:10,[搞笑?搞哭?汇集] 怎样判断“原创”和“诺贝尔奖成果”?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1372203.html
[6] 2022-09-21 17:42,[小资料] 丁肇中:诺贝尔物理学奖得主几乎“没有一个考第一名的”
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1356311.html
[7] 2021-01-25 14:07,诺贝尔物理奖得主单位一些数据的直观图示
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1268892.html
[8] 2016-03-16 18:09,[建议] 设立“诺贝尔荣誉奖”
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-963037.html
[9] 2011-11-20 11:35,科学家出重要成果年龄变大
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-509890.html
[10] 2023-08-17 23:00,[小资料] 阿贝尔奖 The Abel Prize,挪威
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1399417.html
[11] 2024-07-25 22:49,[笔记,科普,资料] The A.M. Turing Award 图灵奖
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1443774.html
[12] 2024-7-24 22:41,[笔记,科普,资料] The Millennium Prize Problems 千禧年大奖难题
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1443609.html
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