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[资料，科普] 量子力学的哥本哈根诠释（8）：玻尔、玻恩、海森堡引言 quotations 等

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[资料，科普] 量子力学的哥本哈根诠释（8）：玻尔、玻恩、海森堡引言 quotations 等

以下对应英文的汉语，来自机器翻译。

机器翻译的某些术语，有待您进一步自行核对。

[1] Kristian Camilleri. Bohr, Heisenberg and the divergent views of complementarity [J]. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2007, 38(3): 514-528

doi: 10.1016/j.shpsb.2006.10.002

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135521980600092X

page 521

[Bohr’s] insight into the structure of the theory was not a result of mathematical analysis of the basic assumptions, but rather of intense occupation with the actual phenomena, such that it was possible for him to sense the relationship intuitively, rather than derive them formally. Bohr was primarily a philosopher, not a physicist yI noticed that mathematical clarity had in itself no virtue for Bohr. He feared that the formal mathematical structure would obscure the physical core of the problem, and in any case he was convinced that a complete physical explanation should absolutely precede the mathematical formulation (Heisenberg, 1967, pp. 95, 98, emphasis added).

[玻尔]对理论结构的洞察不是对基本假设进行数学分析的结果，而是对实际现象的深入研究，因此他有可能直观地感知这种关系，而不是从形式上推导出来。玻尔主要是一位哲学家，而不是物理学家。我注意到，数学清晰本身对玻尔没有好处。他担心正式的数学结构会掩盖问题的物理核心，无论如何，他都相信，完整的物理解释绝对应该先于数学公式（海森堡，1967，第95、98页，着重号后加）。

[2] Don Howard. Who Invented the “Copenhagen Interpretation”? A Study in Mythology [J]. Philosophy of Science, 2004, 71(5): 669-68

doi: 10.1086/425941

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/425941

page 675

3. The Invention of the “Copenhagen Interpretation.”

Everything not found in Bohr’s complementarity interpretation is found in the writings of Heisenberg, and (so far as I have been able to determine) Heisenberg first introduced the term “Copenhagen interpretation” in 1955. Simply put, the image of a unitary Copenhagen interpretation is a postwar myth, invented by Heisenberg. But once invented, the myth took hold as other authors put it to use in the furtherance of their own agendas.

3.“哥本哈根解释”的发明。

玻尔互补解释中没有的一切都可以在海森堡的著作中找到，而且（据我所知）海森堡于1955年首次引入了“哥本哈根解释“一词。简单地说，统一的哥本哈根解释的形象是海森堡发明的战后神话。但一旦发明，这个神话就会像其他作者一样被用来推进自己的议程。

[3] Niels Henrik David Bohr, 2003-10, MacTutor History of Mathematics

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bohr_Niels/

An expert is a man who has made all the mistakes, which can be made, in a very narrow field.

Quoted in A L Mackay, Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (London 1994)

专家是在一个非常狭窄的领域内犯下所有错误的人。

Those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum mechanics cannot possibly have understood it.

If anybody says he can think about quantum problems without getting giddy, that only shows he has not understood the first thing about them.

Every sentence I utter must be understood not as an affirmation, but as a question.

It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how Nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about Nature.

Quoted in H R Pagels, The Cosmic Code

那些第一次接触量子力学时没有感到震惊的人不可能理解它。

如果有人说他可以在不头晕的情况下思考量子问题，那只能表明他还没有理解量子问题的第一件事。

我说的每一句话都不能被理解为肯定，而是一个问题。

认为物理学的任务是发现自然是如何的是错误的。物理学关注的是我们能对自然说些什么。

[4] Max Born, 2003-10, MacTutor History of Mathematics

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Born/quotations/

I am now convinced that theoretical physics is actual philosophy.

Autobiography

我现在相信，理论物理学是真正的哲学。

The problem of physics is how the actual phenomena, as observed with the help of our sense organs aided by instruments, can be reduced to simple notions which are suited for precise measurement and used of the formulation of quantitative laws.

Experiment and Theory in Physics

物理学的问题是，如何将借助我们的感官在仪器的帮助下观察到的实际现象简化为适合精确测量和用于制定定量定律的简单概念。

I believe there is no philosophical high-road in science, with epistemological signposts. No, we are in a jungle and find our way by trial and error, building our road behind us as we proceed.

Science is not formal logic it needs the free play of the mind in as great a degree as any other creative art. It is true that this is a gift which can hardly be taught, but its growth can be encouraged in those who already possess it.

We distinguish between moving bodies and bodies at rest. This is a primitive point of view. What seems at rest, a stone, say, is actually for ever in motion. We have merely become accustomed to judge by outward appearances; by the deceptive impressions we get through our senses.

The Restless Universe

我相信科学中没有哲学的大道，没有认识论的路标。不，我们身处丛林，通过反复试验找到自己的路，在前进的过程中在我们身后开辟道路。

科学不是形式逻辑，它和其他创造性艺术一样需要心灵的自由发挥。诚然，这是一种难以教授的天赋，但它可以在已经拥有它的人身上得到鼓励。

我们区分运动物体和静止物体。这是一种原始的观点。看起来静止的东西，比如一块石头，实际上永远在运动。我们只是习惯了根据外表来判断；我们通过感官获得的欺骗性印象。

[5] Werner Karl Heisenberg, 2003-10, MacTutor History of Mathematics

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Heisenberg/

An expert is someone who knows some of the worst mistakes that can be made in his subject, and how to avoid them.

Physics and Beyond (New York 1971)

专家是知道自己学科中可能犯的一些最严重错误以及如何避免这些错误的人。

… separation of the observer from the phenomenon to be observed is no longer possible.

I think that the discovery of antimatter was perhaps the biggest jump of all the big jumps in physics in our century.

Jagdish Mehra (ed.), The Physicist's Conception of Nature.