历时11年的研究发现:气温升高可能导致土壤抗生素耐药性上升诸平据物理学家组织网(Phys.org)2026年5月4日报道,中美科学家合作历时11年的研究发现:气温升高可能导致土壤抗生素耐药性上升(Rising temperatures could be driving up antibiotic resistance in soil, 11-year study finds)。
Warming increases soil ARG abundance and alters ARG composition. Credit: Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10413-xhttps://phys.org/news/2026-04-temperatures-antibiotic-resistance-soil-year.html
每年，数以百万计的人受到感染，成千上万的人因感染而失去生命，而这些感染曾经很容易通过适当的药物治疗得到解决。但是，如今情况变了。药物还是一样的药物，人类的生理也是如此，唯一的区别就是，细菌、病毒和真菌等微生物不一样了。现在，已经对旨在杀死它们的药物产生了耐药性。这种被称为抗菌素耐药性（antimicrobial resistance）的现象正在迅速上升，为全球采取紧急行动敲响了警钟。
中美科学家合作进行的一项为期11年的新研究发现，除了抗生素的误用和过度使用之外，长期的气候变暖还会使草原土壤中抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes简称ARGs）的丰度增加近24%。较高的温度有利于放线菌群（Actinomycetota）的生长，放线菌群主要是革兰氏阳性细菌（Gram-positive bacteria），天然携带许多抗性基因。随着这些细菌数量的增加，土壤中ARGs的总浓度也会增加。相关研究结果于2026年4月22日已经在《自然》（Nature）杂志网站发表——Linwei Wu, Da-Shuai Mu, Jing An, Yanan Wang, Xiaomin Fan, De-Chen Lu, Ya Zhang, Yinan Xie, Jonathan Michael, Daniel Curtis, Yupeng Fan, Yajiao Wang, Xue Guo, Qichao Tu, Qingyun Yan, Qun Gao, Zhili He, Ye Deng, Kai Xue, Liyou Wu, Daliang Ning, Xuanyu Tao, Yunfeng Yang, Jizhong Zhou. Decade-long warming accelerates antibiotic resistance in grassland soils. Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10413-x. Published: 22 April 2026
参与此项研究的有来自我国北京大学（Peking University, Beijing, China）、山东大学（Shandong University, Qingdao / Weiha, China）以及美国俄克拉荷马大学（University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA）的研究人员。
隐藏在土壤中的抗性（Resistance hidden in soil）
据预测，到2050年，如果不认真解决抗菌耐药性（antimicrobial resistance简称AMR）问题，每年可能导致多达1000万人死亡。作为回应，世界各地的许多组织正在努力更好地理解和管理影响抗菌耐药性（AMR）的因素。
一个广泛使用的框架是“同一个健康”方针（One Health approach），该方针强调人类健康与动物健康及其共享的环境密切相关。
Fig. 2 Warming selectively enriches Actinomycetota as the dominant ARG host and promotes AGRs in plant pathogens. Credit: Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10413-x我们周围的水体和土壤是抗生素耐药基因（antibiotic resistance genes简称ARGs）的主要来源，病原体（pathogens）可以获得这些基因以在抗生素治疗中存活下来。到目前为止，研究还没有清楚地表明长期变暖是如何影响土壤中的抗生素耐药性的。
了解这种联系对于预测气候持续变化对人类健康和农业的潜在风险非常重要。为了更好地理解这种联系，研究人员将一项长期的户外实地实验与高科技基因分析结合起来。
研究人员在长达11年（2009-2020）的时间里，在一个高草草原上建立了试验田（experimental plots），在那里他们可以精确地控制模拟未来的气候条件。他们使用红外线加热器使土壤温度比自然环境高3℃，调整水份以模拟干旱和极端降雨，并通过每年割草和除草来模拟动物的收获和放牧。他们还进行了猎枪宏基因组(shotgun metagenomics)和基因芯片（GeoChip），这是一种先进的基因测序方法，可以读取样本中的所有DNA，从而详细了解存在哪些抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。
他们的实验表明，变暖使抗性基因更具流动性，使它们更容易在不同的细菌之间移动。它还增加了与针对细菌的糖肽类（glycopeptides）和利福霉素类（rifamycins）抗生素耐药性相关的基因。与此同时，与植物病原体相关的抗性基因变得更加普遍，这表明在一个更温暖的世界里，用传统方法控制作物疾病可能会变得更加困难。
Fig. 3 Phenotypic validation confirms enhanced antibiotic resistance under warming. Credit: Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10413-x将土壤样本带到实验室培养和分离细菌，然后进行抗菌耐药性测试。结果表明，来自温暖地块的细菌更难被杀死，对22种不同抗生素的耐药性比来自凉爽地块的细菌更强。
该研究表明，气候变暖在遗传和生态水平上加速了土壤微生物的抗菌耐药性，对公众健康和环境可持续性具有重大影响。需要对不同的植被类型和气候进行进一步的研究，以建立更有力的证据基础，指导全球变暖中的农业和环境管理。
本研究工作得到我国国家重点研发计划项目｛National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2023YFF0805601)、国家自然科学基金｛National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 32588202 and 32371724)；National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 32470010｝、美国能源部科学办公室基因组科学计划｛US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Genomic Science Program under award nos. DE-SC0004601 and DE-SC0010715｝、美国俄克拉何马大学研究副校长办公室（Office of the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma）以及美国国家科学基金会｛NSF (grant nos. EF-2025558 and DEB-2129235)｝的支持。
上述介绍，仅供参考。欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。
Soils are critical reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs)1,2, which are strongly shaped by microbial interactions and environmental conditions and are therefore highly sensitive to disturbance2,3,4,5,6. Although climate warming is recognized as one of the most significant disturbances to microbial communities and their functions7,8,9,10, its impacts on soil resistomes remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the effects of decade-long experimental warming on ARGs in grassland soils using integrated experimental and computational approaches. Our results revealed that ARG abundance substantially increased (23.9%) under warming—particularly glycopeptide- and rifamycin-resistance genes. Warming specifically enriched Actinomycetota hosts, including various potential plant pathogens, and enhanced ARG mobility. Large-scale unprecedented isolates-based phenotypic analyses also validated that warming increased bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics. Further mechanistic analyses revealed that warming increased ARG abundance primarily through co-selection of resistance genes physically linked to adaptive traits (for example, thermal tolerance and nitrogen assimilation) and positive selection for thermal tolerance genes, which could be further amplified via horizontal gene transfer. Together, these findings convincingly demonstrate that climate warming substantially accelerates soil antibiotic resistance at genomic, ecological and evolutionary levels, with broad implications for public health and environmental sustainability in a warming world.
Da Lin, Shuai Du, Zhe Zhao, Tianlun Zhang, Lu Wang, Qi Zhang, Shu-Yi-Dan Zhou, David W. Graham, David T. Tissue, Dong Zhu, Yong-Guan Zhu, Josep Penuelas, Peter B. Reich. Climate warming fuels the global antibiotic resistome by altering soil bacterial traits. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2025, 9: 1512–1526. Published: 04 June 2025. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-025-02740-5
Understanding the implications of global warming on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) within soil ecosystems is crucial for safeguarding human well-being and sustaining ecosystem health. However, there is currently a lack of large-scale, systematic underpinning data needed to examine this issue. Here, using an integrative approach that combines field experiments, extensive global metagenomic data and microbial culturing, we show that warming enriches bacteria with ARGs and VFGs, increases metabolic complexity and adaptability in bacteria, and accelerates genetic alterations related to ARG and VFGs development. Our validation experiments confirm that the warming effect is more pronounced in colder regions. Machine learning predictions further suggest that warming will increase the soil ARG abundance, especially in some areas that rely heavily on fossil fuels. These results suggest another major negative consequence of global warming, highlighting the importance of developing and implementing sustainability policies that simultaneously combat climate change and antibiotic resistance.
转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自诸平科学网博客。
链接地址：https://wap.sciencenet.cn/blog-212210-1533474.html?mobile=1
收藏
