Argument题库中出现的指导语

说明：改革后的GRE在作文方面的一个重要变化是由原来统一的指导语变为了几大类指导语，其实这些指导语原本就应该是针对不同类型的题目进行回应时的建议性的解题思路。在平日的作文备考中循着这样的指导语进行准备有助于达到GRE作文所要求的“评判性思考，逻辑性写作（critical thinking, logical writing)”的目的。即使是不必参加考试的朋友，在看到一篇论说文后，也可以按照以下思路对其进行检视和深入思考。

1. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
   写一篇回应，讨论还需要何种具体的证据才能更好的评估上面的论证，并解释这个证据是如何强化/削弱这篇文章的论证的。
2. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
   写一篇回应，在其中讨论一个或数个可以和文中的解释相竞争的他种解释（原因），并说明你提出的解释是如何可信的解释和说明文中呈现的事实的。
3. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
   写一篇回应，在其中讨论还有哪些问题需要被回答才能决定文中的推荐是否能得到预期结果，并务请解释对这些问题的回答是如何帮助更好的评估文中的建议的。
4. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
   写一篇回应，在其中检视文章的论证中述及和/或未明确述及的假设，务请解释文章的论证是如何依赖于这些假设的，并指出如果这些假设不成立会对文章的论证带来何种影响。
5. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation (Prediction/ Advice/ Conclusion) and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation(Prediction/ Advice/ Conclusion).
   写一篇回应，在其中讨论还有哪些问题需要被回答才能决定文中的建议以及得出这一建议（预测/建议/结论）的论证过程是合理的，并务请解释对这些问题的回答是如何帮助更好的评估文中的建议（预测/建议/结论）的。