围绕爱因斯坦给Switzer的回信的几点看法(1)
最近,科学网很多博主讨论了爱因斯坦给Switzer的回信,恕不一一引用(郝炘、刘立、杨正瓴等人给出一些资料链接)。下面发表几点看法。
1.”these steps”
爱因斯坦的这封回信很短,但主要文献中有几个不同版本。列举如下(其中黑体是我加上去的)。
Wright版
1957年,Switzer的老师、著名汉学家A. F. Wright在对李约瑟Science and Civilisation in China第二卷的书评中,引用了爱因斯坦的这个回信:
Development of Western science is based on two great achievements: the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of the possibility to find out causal relationships by systematic experiment (Renaissance).In my opinion one has not to be astonished that the Chinese sages have not made these steps. The astonishing thing is that those discoveries were made at all.
李约瑟版
李约瑟在Poverties and Triumphs of The Chinese Scientific Tradition一文中,引用如下:
The development of Western science has been based on two great achievements, the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of thepossibility of finding out causal relationships by systematic experiment (at the Renaissance). In my opinion one need not be astonished that the Chinese sages did not made these steps. Theastonishing thing is that these discoveries were made at all.
与Wright版本相比,第一句略有语态上的差别,而第二和第三句的steps和discoveries前面都是these。
胡大年转述版
胡大年2010年写了篇纪念许良英的文章,其中提到胡1998年找到了爱因斯坦的原信,并复述如下:
Development of Western science is based on two great achievements:the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of thepossibility to find out causal relationships by systematic experiment (Renaissance).
In my opinion one need not be astonished that the Chinesesages have not made these steps. Theastonishing thing is that these discoveries were made at all.
与前面几个版本不同,这里有了分段。Steps和discoveries前面都是these,这一点与李约瑟版一致。而其他部分文字又与Wright完全一致。
许良英在2005年一篇文章里谈了他翻译爱因斯坦这封信的几十年历程,没有全文转述,但是提到了these steps和these discoveries。这就是胡大年转述版。
其他流传版
网上还有其他版本,比如郝炘曾引用如下版本:
Development of Western science is based on two greatachievements: the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers, and the discovery of the possibility tofind out causal relationships by systematic experiment (during the Renaissance).In my opinion one has not to be astonished that the Chinese sages have not made those steps. The astonishing thing is that those discoveries were made at all.
第一句和Wright版本几乎相同(除了在Renaissance前多了during the)。主要的差别在于steps前面也是those。也就是说,第二和第三句的steps和discoveries前面都是those。
爱因斯坦档案中的版本
胡大年2010年文章里也给出了爱因斯坦原信的照片:
可以清楚地看到discoveries前面是those。很多人不清楚steps前面是these还是those。确实看不清楚。但是我可以100%判断是these:此信中所有其他可以肯定是e的地方都和这里一样因油墨扩散而模糊,显然是因为e中间有一横,而信中所有的o都很清楚。
事实上,Wright、李约瑟和胡大年都是用these steps.
很奇怪胡大年转述时将discoveries前面清楚的those写成了these。许良英最早看到的确实是李约瑟的版本,然后告诉胡。但是胡找到原信,又寄给许良英。两人都没有注意到原信中的those discoveries不大可能。这或许是为了强化胡的(以及许的2005版)翻译,也就是说,他们觉得李约瑟版本用词更恰当?
Wright的版本除了没有分段,其他文字和这个“原件”完全一致。这不奇怪,因为Wright是这些人中第一个知道这封信的,而且应该是看到Switzer收到的原信。
刚刚看到郝炘已发现这个“原信”是别人打印的,认为是来自Wright的“抄录本”。
如果是这样,可以理解。Wright曾将这封信推荐给Price,而又由Price寄给奥本海默,以便能收入爱因斯坦书信集。爱因斯坦档案当时就在奥本海默任院长的普林斯顿高等学术研究院(IAS),即爱因斯坦生前的工作单位。而在看守人、爱因斯坦生前的秘书Dukas1982年去世前不久,被转运到了希伯来大学。
但是也有可能是爱因斯坦(及其秘书)当初回信时留下的复本。
不管哪种情况,Switzer收到的原信有没有分段,只有Switzer,或者Switzer和Wright知道。
因为事务繁忙,这篇几天前就开写的文章还没有写完。现在先把第一部分贴上来。
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