Coelenterazine(腔肠素,AbMole,M9267)是广泛存在于水母、海肾、桡足类等海洋生物中的咪唑并吡嗪酮类发光底物,也是腔肠素依赖型生物发光体系的通用底物。自然界中,它在海肾荧光素酶(Renilla luciferase,Rluc)催化下经钙非依赖氧化发光,或作为光蛋白水母素(aequorin)的发色团经 Ca²⁺ 触发发光。自 20 世纪 60 年代从水母中分离鉴定以来,腔肠素已成为报告基因检测、细胞内钙成像、生物发光共振能量转移(BRET)与活体成像研究中最常用的底物分子之一。
分子层面,Coelenterazine(CAS No.:55779-48-1)的发光反应经二氧环丁酮中间体进行:在 Rluc 催化下与 O₂ 反应生成高能过氧中间体,衰变形成激发态腔肠酰胺(coelenteramide),返回基态时释放波长约 480 nm 的蓝绿光并产生一分子 CO₂。在水母素体系中,腔肠素以 2-过氧中间体形式稳定结合于脱辅基水母素,Ca²⁺ 结合诱导蛋白构象变化触发氧化发光(约 465 nm),发光强度与 Ca²⁺ 浓度定量相关。通过对腔肠素 C-2、C-6、C-8 位点的化学修饰,已获得 cp、f、h 等系列类似物,可赋予水母素不同的钙亲和力与光谱性质,为发光体系的定制化设计提供了化学空间。
Coelenterazine(腔肠素,AbMole,M9267)的细胞实验应用极为广泛。在双荧光素酶报告系统中,Rluc 以腔肠素为底物提供组成型内参信号,可与萤火虫荧光素酶正交使用,是启动子活性与信号通路分析的常用配置。值得注意的是,腔肠素是 MDR1 P-糖蛋白(Pgp)的转运底物:在 Pgp 高表达的 KB 8-5-11 细胞中 Rluc 发光基线显著低于亲本 KB 3-1 细胞,Pgp 抑制剂(如 GF120918 、PSC 833 )可将信号完全逆转,这一特性既是报告实验的干扰因素,也使腔肠素(AbMole,M9267)成为活体监测 Pgp 转运活性的功能探针。
Coelenterazine(CAS No.:55779-48-1)的体内应用以小动物活体生物发光成像(BLI)为代表。在表达 Rluc 的细胞或组织移植小鼠中,静脉或腹腔注射腔肠素后数秒至数分钟内即可采集到靶组织特异性发光信号,信号稳定维持约 30 min,无需酶促激活且不依赖 ATP,背景发光极低,适合肿瘤转移灶追踪、基因表达动态监测与细胞治疗归巢研究。利用腔肠素的 Pgp 底物属性,还可在活体水平直接成像 Pgp 介导的底物外排及其被抑制剂逆转的过程,为血脑屏障与肿瘤耐药相关转运研究提供了工具。此外,腔肠素也是 BRET 活体成像的供体底物,可用于监测小鼠体内蛋白-蛋白相互作用的动态变化。
综上,Coelenterazine(AbMole,M9267)作为腔肠素依赖型发光体系的通用底物,贯穿报告基因分析、钙信号检测、BRET 相互作用研究与活体成像等四大应用场景。Coelenterazine无需激发光、背景极低、反应动力学明确的特性,使其成为分子影像与细胞信号研究中重要的荧光底物分子。
范例详解
Cell Res. 2023 Jun;33(6):464-478.
AbMole的Coelenterazine(腔肠素,AbMole,M9267)是 Gaussia 荧光素酶(Gluc)的特异性发光底物,在上述研究中被用于定量分析细胞上清中分泌型 SCUBE2‑Gluc 报告蛋白的表达水平;结果显示 Coelenterazine 与上清内的 Gaussia 荧光素酶结合后能稳定产生生物发光信号,实现对蛋白分泌水平的间接测定。
图 Cell Res. 2023 Jun;33(6):464-478.
* 本文所述均为科研试剂,仅供科学研究参考
参考文献[1] Shimomura O, et al. Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 1962, 59(3): 223-239.
[2] Hori K, et al. Renilla luciferin as the substrate for calcium induced photoprotein bioluminescence: assignment of luciferin tautomers in aequorin and mnemiopsin. Biochemistry, 1975, 14(11): 2371-2376.
[3] Inouye S, Shimomura O. The use of Renilla luciferase, Oplophorus luciferase, and apoaequorin as bioluminescent reporter protein in the presence of coelenterazine analogues as substrate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997, 233(2): 349-353.
[4] Bhaumik S, Gambhir S S. Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene expression in living mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, 99(1): 377-382.
[5] Pichler A, et al. MDR1 P-glycoprotein transports coelenterazine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101(6): 1702-1707.
细胞实验参考
细胞系:Human glioma Gli36 cell line stably expressing Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) or Renilla luciferase (Rluc); rat C6 glioma cell line stably expressing Renilla luciferase (C6-Rluc)
方法:Cells were seeded in 96-well white opaque plates and cultured for 24 h to reach 70–80% confluence; for secreted Gluc reporter, aliquots of conditioned culture medium were transferred to fresh assay plates; for intracellular Rluc reporter, cells were lysed with passive lysis buffer at room temperature for 15 min; coelenterazine substrate was added to each sample, and bioluminescence intensity was immediately measured using a microplate luminometer; relative light unit (RLU) values were normalized to total protein content per well for quantitative analysis
浓度:5, 10, 20 μM final working concentration in phosphate-buffered saline
处理时间:Immediate luminescence reading after substrate addition (signal peaks within 1–5 min); 24 h cell pre-culture prior to substrate assay
参考文献:Mol Imaging. 2012;11 (3):201-211
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
动物实验参考
动物模型:Female athymic nude mice, 6–8 weeks old, Gli36-Gluc/Gli36-Rluc intramuscular xenograft model
配制:Native coelenterazine was dissolved in anhydrous methanol to prepare 2 mM stock solution, then diluted with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution to a working concentration (final methanol volume fraction < 5%) for intravenous injection
剂量:0.7, 4 mg/kg body weight
给药处理:Single bolus intravenous injection via tail vein; in vivo bioluminescence imaging was performed immediately after injection using a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system; photon emission intensity was quantified over predefined regions of interest and expressed as photons・s⁻¹・cm⁻²・sr⁻¹; sequential imaging was conducted at multiple time points to monitor signal kinetics and biodistribution
参考文献:Mol Imaging. 2012;11 (3):201-211
上述方法来自公开文献,仅供相同目的实验参考。如实验目的、材料、方法不同,请参考其他文献。
体内实验的工作液,建议现用现配,当天使用;如在配制过程中出现沉淀、析出现象,可以通过超声和(或)加热的方式助溶,切勿直接全部溶解。

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