9.CB_SEM和 PLS_SEM有何不同？

答：

• 以变数的共变数Covariance结构进行分析，称为Covariance_Base SEM (CB_SEM)，常用的软体工具有LISREL、EQS、AMOS。

• 以变数的主成份结构进行分析使用作最小平方法(Partial lease square; PLS)，称为PLS_SEM，常用的软体工具有SmartPLS、PLS-Graph、VisualPLS。 

请参考：

• 萧文龙(2025)，统计分析SPSS(中文版)+SmartPLS 4 (PLS-SEM+CB-SEM)，碁峰，本书第15章。

• Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., and Mena, J.A. 2012. "An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (40:3), pp. 414-433.

• Shiau, W.-L., and Chau, P.Y.K. 2016. "Understanding behavioral intention to use a cloud computing classroom: A multiple model-comparison approach," Information & Management (53:3), pp. 355-365. (Web of Science 80 times cited, ESI 1% highcited article ) (doi:10.1016/j.im.2015.10.004) (SSCI, 2015 IF= 2.163, 5-year Impact Factor: 3.175, Ranks Q1, 25/144 - Information Science & Library Science.