Research Design

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Key Components of a Research Design

Every research design should clearly address the following questions:

What? – Research Question/Hypothesis: What are you trying to find out? This is the central focus of the entire study.

Who? – Participants/Subjects: Who will you study? This involves defining the population and the method for selecting a sample (e.g., random sampling, purposive sampling).

How? – Data Collection Methods: How will you collect data? (e.g., surveys, experiments, interviews, observations).

When? – Time Horizon: Is it a "snapshot" (cross-sectional) or a "video" over time (longitudinal)?

Where? – Setting: Where will the study take place? (e.g., in a lab, in the field, online).

Why? – Type of Research: What is the primary purpose? (e.g., to explore, describe, or explain a phenomenon). This determines the overall approach.

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