在航班上看Marvel超级英雄片《复仇者联盟3(Avengers：Infinity War, 2018)》，电影很长，两个半小时。但航班推迟起飞近一小时，还是看完了。英文原声，有汉语字幕。《复仇者联盟4》在影院中看过，《复仇者联盟》和《复仇者联盟2》似乎也是在飞机上看的。但这些都不足以提供完全的背景。Marvel的有宏大的超英宇宙，有电影电视动画漫画等。仅就电影而言，与《复仇者联盟3》相关的应该还有《银河护卫队(Guardians of the Galaxy, 2014)》《美国队长3：内战(Captain America: Civil War, 2016)》《奇异博士(Doctor Strange, 2016)》《银行护卫队2(Guardians of the Galaxy 2, 2017)》《雷神3：诸神黄昏(Thor: Ragnarok, 2017)》《黑豹(Black Panther, 2018)》。这些我其实都没有看过，或许以后有机会补。
虽然电影名称叫复仇者，其实真正的主角是反派Thanos。通常汉译为灭霸，灭世霸王的简称。我认为意译并不准确，甚至有误导。Thanos固然带来死亡，但他的本意和效果都不是灭世，更非霸王。Thanos出场时有专用配乐，比较简短，有些Star War中黑夜勋爵主题音乐的韵味。Thanos这个名字是希腊神话中死亡之神Thanatos的变体。Thanatos是黑夜女神Nyx所生众多儿子中的一个，而Nyx源自混沌Chaos。Thanatos是源自Chaos的古老神祗，不同于人们熟悉的源自大地Gaia的希腊诸神。Thanos为得到灵魂石，牺牲了挚爱的养女Gamora，这也暗合于古希腊欧里庇得斯悲剧《伊菲革涅亚在奥利斯》，征讨特洛伊的希腊联军统帅阿伽门农献祭了自己的女儿，以平息阿尔忒弥斯的愤怒，让大军得以出发。Thanos所居住的Titan星，在现实世界中是土卫六，而Titan在希腊神话中是比宙斯长一辈的天神的统称，辈分与Thanos类似，但源于Gaia而不是Chaos。如果一定要汉语意译，Thanos译为死神似乎更准确些。
Thanos认识到宇宙不足矣支持庞大的居民，最终会走向毁灭。为拯救宇宙，需要清楚一半居民包括神人等各种生物。开始他率领手下东征西讨，四处杀戮。后来他知道了更“仁慈”的方式，集齐6颗灵石，嵌入无限金属手套 (Infinity Gauntlet)。打个响指，宇宙中半数居民就灰飞烟灭。《复仇者联盟3》开始时，已经拿到了Power Stone和Reality Stone的Thanos，袭击了雷神兄弟的飞船，抢走了洛基盗取的Space Stone，并且痛殴了绿巨人，让他在整部电影中不再出现。Thanos通过折磨来刺杀他的养女Nebula，用姊妹之情迫使Gamora说出Soul Stone所在。看守者告诉他，In order to take the stone, you must lose that which you love. A soul for a soul. Thanos救活了要自杀的Gamora，将她摔死，换回了Soul Stone。钢铁侠、蜘蛛侠和Doctor Strange(通常译奇异博士，但似乎应该是奇异医生)等杀到Titan星来挑战Thanos，汇同来救Gamora的银河护卫队，但都被Thanos击败。Thanos 以钢铁侠性命要挟，奇异医生交出了Time Stone。最后的灵石Mind Stone在地球上，Vision的额头。多次被Thanos手下袭击，Vision在情人Maximoff和其他复仇者保护下脱险。他们决定去非洲黑豹的国度Wakanda，在保住Vision性命的前提下取出Mind Stone销毁。但Thanos的大军开始进攻。重新获得战斧而战力大增的雷神也来参战。在来不及安全取出时，Maximoff忍痛销毁Mind Stone并杀死Vision。群殴中，Thanos独战复仇者，最终反败为胜。然后逆转时间，回到Vision未死之前，取走Mind Stone，杀死Vision。集齐6颗灵石的Thanos，打了响指，宇宙中半数生物灰飞烟灭，包括众多复仇者如Maximoff、Doctor Strange和蜘蛛侠等。完成拯救宇宙大业的Thanos，独自回到荒凉的Titan星，面对壮丽的日出，默默思念他牺牲掉的养女Gamora。而神盾局特工，在消失前已经招换外援，预示着还有续集。
如前所述，《复仇者联盟3》中Thanos才是真正的主角。他无疑是社会工程理论的信奉者：目的明确，拯救过载宇宙；路径清晰：牺牲了半数宇宙生物的生命，实现减负，开启宇宙新纪元；措施具体：集齐六颗灵石，嵌入无限手套，带上打出响指。经过艰苦卓绝的努力，牺牲了最爱的女儿，终于达到了目标。Thanos的预见性来自渊博的知识，如他对钢铁侠说，You're not the only one cursed with knowledge. 无疑他也相信蜘蛛侠的格言，With great power comes great responsibility. 正是因为他面向未来受责任和使命驱使，因此杀伐果断，相比之下维护现有宇宙生命的复仇者们，矛盾丛生，顾虑重重。在很多人的认知中，Thanos有大格局，高瞻远瞩，功在千秋。是所谓舍小仁，成大义。很多很多年后，当年活着一半的后人，很难感受他们祖先失去挚爱时撕心裂肺的痛楚，而是感激Thanos在宇宙发展的关键时刻，中流砥柱，力挽狂澜，当机立断，拯救了宇宙。那些妨碍Thanos的复仇者们，其实是保守派，逆宇宙规律而动，为维护当时宇宙生物的既得利益，不顾大局，不识大体，螳臂当车，被钉在宇宙的耻辱柱上。至于那半数逝者，只是拯救宇宙的代价，尘世与天堂间往往有血海相隔。这是人们耳熟能详的逻辑，不惜代价，成就大业。而且往往越是代价，越坚信不惜一切代价的说辞，如那些秦始皇、汉武帝甚至成吉思汗的拥趸。如鲁迅先生所谓，“炮灰资格的诸公，却总在恭维杀人者。”更何况Thanos个人品质也无懈可击。动机高尚，一切为拯救宇宙，不惜献出他最亲爱的女儿；方法公平，完全随机选择消失的生命，不分亲疏贵贱；生活简朴，拯救了独自默默地坐在荒凉的星球上，思念死去的女儿，并没有称始皇帝，万世一统，更没有众人山呼万岁，千秋万代，泽被苍生。因此开篇时说，Thanos既没有灭世，也不是霸王。
话又说回来，Thanos必然正确吗？倒也未必。所有社会工程理论的信奉者，都有Achilles' heel。那就是无法预见新知识的产生。过载的宇宙注定毁灭，只是根据现有知识的认知，随着新知识的出现，宇宙可能更为广大，负担生物也可能极大提升。《复仇者联盟3》是部很深刻的电影，在宇宙尺度上形象地展示了社会工程理论信奉者之为害甚烈。Thanos虽然成功，但还是在《复仇者联盟4》中被翻盘。当然，这也表明了Thanos拯救行动的不彻底性。他应该猛追穷寇，肃清所有复仇者；请大儒注经，创作《拯救宇宙的丰功伟绩》《拯救宇宙的关键时刻》《复仇者的罪恶本质》等历史著作。
《复仇者联盟3》给我印象最深的情节并不是打打杀杀，而是Thanos用女儿换Soul Stone。这说明Thanos不仅有对宇宙的大爱，也有对女儿的真爱，不然交易不会成功。几句对白也耐人寻味
Thanos: Where is the Soul Stone?
Red Skull: You should know it exacts a terrible price.
Thanos: I am prepared.
Red Skull: We all think that at first. We are all wrong.
《复仇者联盟3》看过后，还想看看其它Marvel超级英雄电影，尤其是早期的。
附：主要情节
Having acquired the Power Stone from the planet Xandar, Thanos and his lieutenants- Ebony Maw, Cull Obsidian, Proxima Midnight and Corvus Glaive intercept the spaceship carrying the survivors of Asgard's destruction. Thanos destroys the ship and kills all surviving Asgardians.
As they extract the Space Stone from the Tesseract, Thanos subdues Thor, overpowers Hulk and kills Loki. With the Power Stone, even Hulk is no match for Thanos and is cowed into submission. Heimdall sends Hulk to Earth using the Bifrost before being killed. Thanos departs with his lieutenants and obliterates the spaceship. He instructs Maw & his lackeys to retrieve 2 Infinity Stones from Earth (the Time Stone with Dr. Strange and the Mind Stone with Vision) and meet him on Titan. Thanos's lieutenants duly arrive on Earth in their massive spaceship.
Hulk crash-lands at the Sanctum Sanctorum in New York City, reverting to Bruce Banner. He warns Stephen Strange and Wong about Thanos' plan to kill half of all life in the universe. In response, Strange recruits Tony Stark. Thanos used to attack each planet one by one, killing half the population, but found that the process was too slow and the problem too big. He knew that the Infinity Stones would give him the power to reshape the Universe and save life from itself. Though the attack on New York was led by Loki, it ordered by Thanos.
The Big Bang created six elemental crystals, each of which controlled an essential aspect of existence which are: Time, Space, Reality, Mind, Power and Soul. He already has the Power and Space stones. Wong tells everyone that with the six Infinity Stones in his possession, Thanos can control the universe itself by simply snapping his fingers.
Vision has the Mind Stone, but he has turned off his tracker. Only Rogers can find Vision and he and Tony haven't spoken since the Avengers disbanded. Hulk tells Tony to bury his differences with Captain America, since Thanos is coming to Earth, no matter whether they are talking or not. Maw and Obsidian arrive to retrieve the Time Stone from Strange, drawing the attention of Peter Parker. Bruce is unable to convert into Hulk, who was traumatized by the fight he lost to Thanos. Maw captures Strange but fails to take the Time Stone due to an enchantment Strange has placed on the amulet the stone is housed in. Stark and Parker pursue Maw's spaceship, Banner contacts Steve Rogers, and Wong stays behind to guard the Sanctum.
On the spaceship Parker and Stark defeat Maw by blasting out a part of the ship's hull and sucking Maw into open space. Dr. Strange is worried about the Time Stone falling into Thanos' hands and wants to return to Earth. Stark disagrees, believing that the best way to defeat Thanos is by engaging him away from Earth. The spaceship is on auto-pilot and Stark reckons that it will take them where Thanos is or is going to be. They agree to pursue Thanos, but Dr. Strange warns Stark that he would sacrifice him and Parker both, if that would protect the stone.
In Scotland, Midnight and Glaive ambush Wanda Maximoff and Vision in order to retrieve the Mind Stone from Vision. Rogers, Natasha Romanoff and Sam Wilson rescue them and take shelter with James Rhodes and Banner at the Avengers Compound. Vision offers to sacrifice himself by having Maximoff destroy the Mind Stone to keep Thanos from retrieving it. Rogers suggests they travel to Wakanda, which he believes has the resources to remove the stone without destroying Vision.
The Guardians of the Galaxy respond to a distress call from the Asgardian ship and rescue Thor who was floating frozen in deep space. Thor learns that Gamora is Thanos' daughter and that he is linked romantically to Quill. Thor surmises Thanos seeks the Reality Stone, which is in the possession of the Collector on Knowhere. Gamora wants to go to Knowhere to stop Thanos, but Thor wants to go to Nidavellir to obtain a new weapon after his sister Hela destroyed his hammer, Mjolnir. Undecided, they split into 2 teams. Gamora remembers how Thanos attacked her planet and killed half the population. He adopted Gamora, after he found her standing up to him. Thanos gifts her a perfectly balanced knife. Gamora makes Quill promise her that if Thanos captures her that he will kill her.
Rocket and Groot accompany Thor to Nidavellir, discovering that Thanos had already been there. He'd forced the dwarves there to forge his gauntlet and then killed everybody and also smelted the hands of the chief dwarf, Eitri, while sparing his life. Thor, Rocket and Eitri create a battle-ax (Stormbreaker) capable of killing Thanos. Thor kick starts the star to power the furnaces, a process that nearly kills him, and Groot provides the handle for the new weapon. Stormbreaker can also control the power of the Bifrost.
On Knowhere, Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax and Mantis find Thanos with the Reality Stone already in his possession. Thanos uses the stone to twist reality and tricks Gamora into thinking that she attacked and killed him. Back in reality, Thanos kidnaps Gamora, his adoptive daughter. Quill is unable to kill Gamora as he hesitates and by then Thanos changes reality again and uses the Space Stone to take Gamora to his ship. Thanos argues that ever since he eliminated half the population on Gamora's planet, the children have are well-nourished and enjoy a healthier world. The Universe has finite resources and life, if left unchecked, will consume itself. Thanos insists that he is the only one who understands this and will do what is needed to save the Universe.
Thanos reveals that Nebula was captured when she snuck aboard Thanos' ship to kill him. She has been held in a chamber where Thanos uses the Power and Space stones to torture her. Gamora tearfully reveals the location of the Soul Stone. Thanos and Gamora travel to Vormir, where Red Skull, keeper of the Soul Stone, informs him the stone can only be retrieved by sacrificing someone he loves. Thanos reluctantly throws Gamora off a cliff, killing her and earning the stone.
Nebula escapes captivity and asks the remaining Guardians to meet her on Thanos' desolate home world, Titan. Stark, Parker and Strange land on Titan where they are attacked by Quill, Drax, and Mantis, who give up the fight when they realize who the Avengers are. The group forms a plan to seize the Infinity Gauntlet from Thanos after Strange uses the Time Stone to view millions of possible futures, seeing only one in which Thanos loses.
Thanos arrives and speaks to Strange, justifying his plans as necessary to ensure the survival of a universe threatened by overpopulation. The group works together to subdue him and are successful. Quill demands to know where Gamora is. Nebula deduces that Thanos has killed Gamora. Enraged, Quill attacks him, allowing Thanos to break the psychic hold Mantis had placed on him. Thanos is able to break free and battle with him again. Thanos is able to overpower them all using the stones, finally confronting Stark himself. Stark is seriously wounded by Thanos but is spared after Strange surrenders the Time Stone to Thanos. Stark is infuriated and puzzled as to why Strange would do so.
In Wakanda, Rogers reunites with Bucky Barnes before Thanos' army invades. The Avengers, alongside T'Challa and the Wakandan forces, mount a defense against Thanos's army while Shuri, T'Challa's sister, works to extract the Mind Stone from Vision. Banner, unable to transform into the Hulk, fights in Stark's Hulkbuster armor. Thor, Rocket, and Groot arrive via the Bifrost to reinforce the Avengers; Midnight, Obsidian, and Glaive are killed, and their army is routed. Thanos arrives and swiftly defeats the remaining Avengers. Despite Maximoff's successful destruction of the Mind Stone and Vision along with it, Thanos uses the Time stone to reverse the event, brings Vision back and tears the stone from his head, killing him again.
Thanos places the last stone in the gauntlet and absorbs the sudden rush of power from all six stones. Temporarily distracted, Thanos is attacked by Thor, who embeds Stormbreaker in the Titan's chest. Thor gloats for a moment but is taunted by a dying Thanos, who tells him he should have aimed for his target's head. Thanos raises the gauntlet and snaps his fingers with a sudden burst of white light. Thanos finds himself on an empty landscape covered with a thin layer of water, contained in the world of the Soul stone. At a nearby temple, he meets Gamora, who appears as a child the same age as when Thanos attacked her planet. She innocently asks him if he was able to complete his life's goal and he answers "Yes". She asks him what it cost and he says "Everything."
Back in Wakanda, Thor, staring at Thanos with dawning horror, demands to know what the Titan did. Thanos, burned from the gauntlet to his chest and neck, remains silent and uses the battered gauntlet to escape with the Space stone.
Half of all life across the universe disintegrates, including Barnes, T'Challa, Groot, Maximoff and Wilson who all turn to ash on Earth. On Titan, Mantis, Drax, Quill, Strange and Parker all turn to ash as well. Stark and Nebula remain stranded on Titan while Banner, M'Baku, Okoye, Rhodes, Rocket, Rogers, Romanoff, and Thor are left alive on the Wakandan battlefield.
Meanwhile, Thanos watches a peaceful sunrise on a remote, tropical world, smiling to himself.
In a post-credits scene Nick Fury and Maria Hill watch several cars collide and a helicopter crash into a skyscraper. Hill asks what's going on and disintegrates. Fury's last act is to activate a small transmitter, which displays a starburst insignia on a red-and-blue background.
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