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新的研究挑战了关于Y染色体多样性丧失的旧理论 精选
2024-5-3 19:11
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新的研究挑战了关于Y染色体多样性丧失的旧理论

诸平

Y-Chromosome-1-777x389.webp.jpg

Fig. 1 A study highlights that Neolithic patrilineal social systems, not violent conflicts, led to a major reduction in Y chromosome diversity, reshaping our understanding of ancient human social organization.

Central-Asian-Population-777x582.webp.jpg

Fig. 2 The scientists studied contemporary patrilineal populations. Here, a photo of a Central Asian population. Credit: Heyer Evelyne, Segurel Laure

据法国科学研究中心(The French National Center for Scientific Research简称CNRS202451日提供的消息,新的研究挑战了关于Y染色体多样性丧失的旧理论(New Study Challenges Old Theories on Y Chromosome Diversity Loss)。一项研究强调,新石器时代的父系社会制度,而不是暴力冲突,导致了Y染色体多样性的大幅减少,重塑了我们对古代人类社会组织的理解。

新石器时代(Neolithic period),子女继承父亲的血统,父系社会制度的发展,可能是3000 ~ 5000年前全球Y染色体遗传多样性显著减少的原因。2024424日发表在《自然通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上的一项研究——Léa GuyonJérémy GuezBruno ToupanceEvelyne HeyerRaphaëlle Chaix. Patrilineal segmentary systems provide a peaceful explanation for the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck. Nature Communications, 2024, 15, Article number: 3243. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47618-5. Published: 24 April 2024. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47618-5.来自法国巴黎西岱大学(Université Paris Cité, Eco-anthropologie, Paris, France)、法国巴黎-萨克雷大学(Université Paris-Saclay)、法国国家科学研究中心国家自然历史博物馆(Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France)以及法国国家科学研究中心国家信息与自动化研究所数字科学跨学科实验室(CNRS, INRIA, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique, Orsay, France)的研究人员合作,他们研究认为,这些父系组织对Y染色体的影响比冲突期间的死亡率更大。

这一结论是在分析了20年来来自当代非好战父系群体的人类学实地数据,特别是来自科学家自己在亚洲进行的实地调查和模拟各种社会人口情景之后得出的。研究小组比较了战士和非战士的情况,发现两个过程在基因多样性中起着主要作用:氏族分裂成几个子氏族,以及社会地位的差异导致某些血统的扩张,而损害了其他血统。

这项研究对先前提出的理论提出了质疑,该理论认为,暴力冲突是Y染色体遗传多样性丧失的根源,这种冲突可能是由于不同氏族之间的竞争造成的,许多男性在冲突中死亡。这一研究结果也为新石器时代和青铜时代(Neolithic and Bronze Ages)的人类社会组织提供了新的假设。

本研究得到了巴黎高等师范学院(Ecole normale superieure简称ENS Paris)奖学金{Ecole normale supérieure (ENS Paris): CDSN}、法国国家科学研究中心(CNRS)奖学金{French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) fellowship: 80Prime (TransIA)}的支持。

上述介绍,仅供参考。欲了解更多信息,敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道

Abstract

Studies have found a pronounced decline in male effective population sizes worldwide around 3000–5000 years ago. This bottleneck was not observed for female effective population sizes, which continued to increase over time. Until now, this remarkable genetic pattern was interpreted as the result of an ancient structuring of human populations into patrilineal groups (gathering closely related males) violently competing with each other. In this scenario, violence is responsible for the repeated extinctions of patrilineal groups, leading to a significant reduction in male effective population size. Here, we propose an alternative hypothesis by modelling a segmentary patrilineal system based on anthropological literature. We show that variance in reproductive success between patrilineal groups, combined with lineal fission (i.e., the splitting of a group into two new groups of patrilineally related individuals), can lead to a substantial reduction in the male effective population size without resorting to the violence hypothesis. Thus, a peaceful explanation involving ancient changes in social structures, linked to global changes in subsistence systems, may be sufficient to explain the reported decline in Y-chromosome diversity.

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