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意群学习法(Chunk-based Learning)
语言看不到但可以听到。不需要任何教学,一个五六岁孩子就可以清楚的说出日常对话。婴幼儿学习语言的效率远远高于成年人。婴幼儿是怎么学习语言的?仔细观察就会发现婴幼儿不需要任何课本,只是从妈妈爸爸奶奶爷爷等周围人员的接触中学会语言的。再仔细观察,他们不是一个单词一个单词学习的。周围成年人都是表达一个一个意思(意群)。所以,婴幼儿听到的,也是一个一个的意群。婴幼儿主要从意群开始,包括单词构成的意群,例如妈,爸,吃饭,尿尿等等,而不是学习单个的单词。这给如何克服哑巴英语以启示:不能背单词,应该背意群。结合乔姆斯基的转换生成语法(Transformational-Generative Grammar)与弗朗索瓦·古恩的《语言教学与学习的艺术》谈谈学习英语的方法。
一 意群学习法(Chunk-based Learning):是一种将语言作为整体意义单元(而非孤立词汇)学习。
The correct approach to English learning should integrate Chomsky's Transformational-Generative Grammar with François Gouin's principles of contextual learning, focusing on chunk-based acquisition rather than isolated vocabulary memorization. Here’s a structured method with examples:
1. Chunk Acquisition Over Word Memorization
Infants learn language through meaningful units (e.g., "Mommy," "eat lunch") embedded in context. Similarly, English learners should internalize fixed phrases or syntactical patterns:
"Good morning!" (greeting)
"I’d like to order..." (restaurant scenario)
"Let’s play outside!" (invitation)
2. Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG) Application
TGG posits that humans possess an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD) enabling rule-based expansion of chunks34. For example:
Base chunk: "She eats an apple."
Transformation: "She is eating an apple." (progressive tense)
Expansion: "The girl who loves fruit eats an apple every day." (relative clause)
3. Gouin’s Method: Situational Repetition
Gouin emphasized learning through real-life scenarios with repeated exposure2. Practice dialogues like:
At school: "May I borrow your pencil?" → "Of course, here you go."
Shopping: "How much is this?" → "It’s $5.99."
4. Avoiding Pitfalls
"happy"
By combining (TGG) and
二、划分意群的步骤
"The blue sky"
(名词短语)
2 按语义完整性切分
"Could I get a refill?"(服务请求意群)
"go swimming"(动词+动名词)
"Although it rained, we went out."→ 划分为让步从句
确保每个意群表达独立完整的意义。例如:
"The / blue / sky" 会破坏语义连贯
学习步骤:
意群学习的实例:
一、"How are you doing today?"(完整问候意群)
餐厅点餐
→ 让步从句
:模拟购物对话 *"How much is this?" / "It’s on sale for $15."*
听力训练:通过儿歌 "Twinkle, twinkle little star" 强化节奏感4
通过以上例子,学习者可逐步掌握将语言拆解为自然语义单元的能力,避免孤立词汇的机械记忆。
动词短语(Verb Phrase, VP)意群例子:
一、日常动作类
"Make a decision"(做决定)
"She needs to make a decision by Friday."(工作场景)
"Take a break"(休息)
"Let’s take a break after this meeting."(办公场景)
"Give up"(放弃)
"He refused to give up his dream."(励志语境)
二、社交互动类
"Keep in touch"(保持联系)
"We should keep in touch after the trip."(告别时)
"Look forward to"(期待)
"I’m looking forward to your reply."(邮件结尾)
"Run into"(偶遇)
"I ran into an old friend at the mall."(闲聊话题)
三、学习工作类
"Hand in"(提交)
"Don’t forget to hand in your homework."(课堂指令)
"Come up with"(想出)
"She came up with a brilliant idea."(创意讨论)
"Go over"(复习)
"Let’s go over the notes before the test."(学习场景)
四、情绪状态类
"Calm down"(冷静)
"You need to calm down first."(安抚他人时)
"Get excited"(兴奋)
"Kids get excited about birthdays."(描述情绪)
五、高频习语类
"Break the ice"(打破僵局)
"A joke helped break the ice at the party."
"Hit the books"(用功学习)
"I have to hit the books for the exam."
情境造句:用 "run into" 和 "keep in touch" 编写一段对话,强化记忆
这些短语作为整体意群学习,能显著提升语言表达的流利度与地道性。
日常生活中高频使用的动词短语(Verb Phrases)
一、居家生活Turn on/off(打开/关闭)
"Could you turn off the lights before leaving?"
Put away(收好)
"Please put your toys away after playing."
Do the dishes(洗碗)
"I’ll do the dishes after dinner."
二、饮食相关
Heat up(加热)
"I’ll heat up the leftovers for lunch."
Pour out(倒出)
"Pour out the milk carefully—it’s full."
Take out(取出)
"Take out the trash before it overflows."
三、出行与交通
Get on/off(上车/下车)
"Don’t get off the bus until it stops."
Fill up(加满油)
"We need to fill up the car before the trip."
Pull over(靠边停车)
"The police asked him to pull over."
四、健康与身体
Get dressed(穿衣)
"She gets dressed quickly in the morning."
Take a shower(洗澡)
"He takes a shower at 7 PM every day."
Lie down(躺下)
"I need to lie down for a while."
五、购物与消费
Pay for(付款)
"Let me pay for the meal this time."
Check out(结账)
"We’ll check out at 3 PM."(酒店/超市)
Try on(试穿)
"Can I try on this jacket?"
六、休闲娱乐
Turn down(调低音量)
"Turn down the music, please."
Log in/out(登录/退出)
"Don’t forget to log out of your account."
Go for a walk(散步)
"We go for a walk after dinner."
七、情绪与反应
Calm down(冷静)
"Take a deep breath and calm down."
Cheer up(振作)
"Cheer up—things will get better!"
日常生活动词短语
Wake up- 醒来
Get up- 起床
Brush one's teeth- 刷牙
Take a shower- 洗澡
使用技巧
替换练习:将短语中的名词替换,如 "turn on the TV" → "turn on the radio"
动作演示:边说边做(如 "fill up the glass" 时假装倒水),强化记忆
通过情景对话反复练习,让表达更自然流畅!
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