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意群学习法(Chunk-based Learning)

已有 787 次阅读 2025-8-28 10:02 |系统分类:教学心得

                                   意群学习法(Chunk-based Learning)

       语言看不到但可以听到。不需要任何教学,一个五六岁孩子就可以清楚的说出日常对话。婴幼儿学习语言的效率远远高于成年人。婴幼儿是怎么学习语言的?仔细观察就会发现婴幼儿不需要任何课本,只是从妈妈爸爸奶奶爷爷等周围人员的接触中学会语言的。再仔细观察,他们不是一个单词一个单词学习的。周围成年人都是表达一个一个意思(意群)。所以,婴幼儿听到的,也是一个一个的意群。婴幼儿主要从意群开始,包括单词构成的意群,例如妈,爸,吃饭,尿尿等等,而不是学习单个的单词。这给如何克服哑巴英语以启示:不能背单词,应该背意群。结合乔姆斯基的转换生成语法(Transformational-Generative Grammar)与弗朗索瓦·古恩的《语言教学与学习的艺术》谈谈学习英语的方法。

一 意群学习法(Chunk-based Learning):是一种将语言作为整体意义单元(而非孤立词汇)学习。

The correct approach to English learning should integrate Chomsky's Transformational-Generative Grammar with François Gouin's principles of contextual learning, focusing on ‌chunk-based acquisition‌ rather than isolated vocabulary memorization. Here’s a structured method with examples:

1. ‌Chunk Acquisition Over Word Memorization

  • Infants learn language through meaningful units (e.g., "Mommy," "eat lunch") embedded in context‌. Similarly, English learners should internalize fixed phrases or syntactical patterns:

    • "Good morning!" (greeting)

    • "I’d like to order..." (restaurant scenario)

    • "Let’s play outside!" (invitation)

2. ‌Transformational-Generative Grammar (TGG) Application

  • TGG posits that humans possess an innate ‌Language Acquisition Device (LAD)‌ enabling rule-based expansion of chunks‌34. For example:

    • Base chunk: "She eats an apple."

    • Transformation: "She is eating an apple." (progressive tense)

    • Expansion: "The girl who loves fruit eats an apple every day." (relative clause)

3. ‌Gouin’s Method: Situational Repetition

  • Gouin emphasized learning through ‌real-life scenarios‌ with repeated exposure‌2. Practice dialogues like:

    • At school: "May I borrow your pencil?" → "Of course, here you go."

    • Shopping: "How much is this?" → "It’s $5.99."

4. ‌Avoiding Pitfalls‌

    • ‌"happy"

  • By combining ‌‌ (TGG) and ‌

    二、划分意群的步骤

    1. "The blue sky"

    2. (名词短语)

  • 2 按语义完整性切分‌‌

    • "Could I get a refill?"(服务请求意群)‌

    • "go swimming"(动词+动名词)

    • "Although it rained, we went out."→ 划分为让步从句 

    • 确保每个意群表达独立完整的意义。例如:

    • "The / blue / sky" 会破坏语义连贯‌

    • 学习步骤:

    • 意群学习的实例:

    • 一、‌‌"How are you doing today?"(完整问候意群)

    • 餐厅点餐‌

  • "Although it was raining, we decided to go out."
  • → 让步从句

    • ‌:模拟购物对话 *"How much is this?" / "It’s on sale for $15."*‌

    • 听力训练‌:通过儿歌 "Twinkle, twinkle little star" 强化节奏感‌4

    通过以上例子,学习者可逐步掌握将语言拆解为自然语义单元的能力,避免孤立词汇的机械记忆。

    动词短语(Verb Phrase, VP)意群例子:

  • 一、‌日常动作类

    1. "Make a decision"‌(做决定)

      • "She needs to make a decision by Friday."(工作场景)

    2. "Take a break"‌(休息)

      • "Let’s take a break after this meeting."(办公场景)

    3. "Give up"‌(放弃)

      • "He refused to give up his dream."(励志语境)

  • 二、‌社交互动类

  • "Keep in touch"‌(保持联系)

      • "We should keep in touch after the trip."(告别时)

    1. "Look forward to"‌(期待)

      • "I’m looking forward to your reply."(邮件结尾)

    2. "Run into"‌(偶遇)

      • "I ran into an old friend at the mall."(闲聊话题)

  • 三、‌学习工作类

  • "Hand in"‌(提交)

      • "Don’t forget to hand in your homework."(课堂指令)

    1. "Come up with"‌(想出)

      • "She came up with a brilliant idea."(创意讨论)

    2. "Go over"‌(复习)

      • "Let’s go over the notes before the test."(学习场景)

  • 四、‌情绪状态类

  • "Calm down"‌(冷静)

      • "You need to calm down first."(安抚他人时)

    1. "Get excited"‌(兴奋)

      • "Kids get excited about birthdays."(描述情绪)

  • 五、‌高频习语类

  • "Break the ice"‌(打破僵局)

      • "A joke helped break the ice at the party."

    1. "Hit the books"‌(用功学习)

      • "I have to hit the books for the exam."

  • ‌‌   

  • 对比学习‌:将易混淆短语配对练习,如 "take off"(起飞/脱衣)vs "put on"(穿上)
    • 情境造句‌:用 "run into" 和 "keep in touch" 编写一段对话,强化记忆

    这些短语作为整体意群学习,能显著提升语言表达的流利度与地道性。

    日常生活中高频使用的动词短语(Verb Phrases)

    一、居家生活
  • ‌‌Turn on/off‌(打开/关闭)

      • "Could you turn off the lights before leaving?"

    1. Put away‌(收好)

      • "Please put your toys away after playing."

    2. Do the dishes‌(洗碗)

      • "I’ll do the dishes after dinner."

  • 二、饮食相关

  • ‌‌Heat up‌(加热)

      • "I’ll heat up the leftovers for lunch."

    1. Pour out‌(倒出)

      • "Pour out the milk carefully—it’s full."

    2. Take out‌(取出)

      • "Take out the trash before it overflows."

  • 三、出行与交通

  • ‌‌Get on/off‌(上车/下车)

      • "Don’t get off the bus until it stops."

    1. Fill up‌(加满油)

      • "We need to fill up the car before the trip."

    2. Pull over‌(靠边停车)

      • "The police asked him to pull over."

  • 四、健康与身体

  • ‌‌Get dressed‌(穿衣)

    • "She gets dressed quickly in the morning."

    1. Take a shower‌(洗澡)

    • "He takes a shower at 7 PM every day."

    1. Lie down‌(躺下)

    • "I need to lie down for a while."

  • 五、购物与消费

  • ‌‌Pay for‌(付款)

    • "Let me pay for the meal this time."

    1. Check out‌(结账)

    • "We’ll check out at 3 PM."(酒店/超市)

    1. Try on‌(试穿)

    • "Can I try on this jacket?"

  • 六、休闲娱乐

  • ‌‌Turn down‌(调低音量)

    • "Turn down the music, please."

    1. Log in/out‌(登录/退出)

    • "Don’t forget to log out of your account."

    1. Go for a walk‌(散步)

    • "We go for a walk after dinner."

  • 七、情绪与反应

  • ‌‌Calm down‌(冷静)

    • "Take a deep breath and calm down."

    1. Cheer up‌(振作)

    • "Cheer up—things will get better!"

      日常生活动词短语

      Wake up- 

    • Get dressed- 穿衣服
    • Get up- 

      Brush one's teeth- 

      Take a shower- 

  • 使用技巧

  • ‌‌替换练习‌:将短语中的名词替换,如 "turn on the TV" → "turn on the radio"

    • 动作演示‌:边说边做(如 "fill up the glass" 时假装倒水),强化记忆

    通过情景对话反复练习,让表达更自然流畅!



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