Gender bias in academic recruitment（学术招聘中的性别歧视）
Giovanni Abramo;Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo;Francesco Rosati
Received: 12 March 2015
Akade′miai Kiado′ , Budapest, Hungary 2015
Abstract
It is well known that women are underrepresented in the academic systems of many countries. Gender discrimination is one of the factors that could contribute to this phenomenon. This study considers a recent national academic recruitment campaign in Italy, examining whether women are subject to more or less bias than men. The findings show that no gender-related differences occur among the candidates who benefit from positive bias, while among those candidates affected by negative bias, the incidence of women is lower than that of men. Among the factors that determine success in a competition for an academic position, the number of the applicant’s career years in the same university as the committee members assumes greater weight for male candidates than for females. Being of the same gender as the committee president is also a factor that assumes greater weight for male applicants. On the other hand, for female applicants, the presence of a full professor in the same university with the same family name as the candidate assumes greater weight than for male candidates.
Keywords:Research evaluation,Bibliometrics,FSS,Italy
Orientations and outcome of interdisciplinary research: the case of research behaviour in translational medical science（跨学科研究的定位与产出：转化医学科学研究行为案例分析）
Finn Valentin；Maria Theresa Norn；Lars Alkaersig
Received: 23 January 2015
Akade′miai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary 2015
Abstract
The importance of interdisciplinary research in accelerating the progress and commercialization of science is widely recognized, yet little is known about how academic research self-organizes towards interdisciplinarity. In this paper, we therefore explore the micro-level behavior of researchers as they venture into a promising space for interdisciplinary research, namely translational research-bridge between basic and applied biomedical research. More specifically, we ask (1) whether the researchers who choose to engage in translational research have a strong scientific record, (2) how interdisciplinary research spanning basic and applied research influences the output of academic research, and (3) how different disciplinary distance in interdisciplinary research contributes to reputational benefits of researchers. We find that for some types of collaboration, interdisciplinarity results in more highly cited research, while in others it is not, and look for explanations for this difference. Our results show that translational research draws higher citations when it involves university researchers from the most basic end of the disciplinary spectrum, and when its issues are directed at basic (rather than applied) research.
Keywords Interdisciplinary research，Cognitive distance，Basic and applied science，Cost of learning，Translational research
Patent citation indicators: One size fits all?（专利引用指标：放之四海而皆准？）
Jurrie¨n Bakker; Dennis Verhoeven; Lin Zhang
Bart Van Looy1
Received: 18 May 2015
Akade′miai Kiado′ , Budapest, Hungary 2015
Abstract
The number of citations that a patent receives is considered an important indicator of the quality and impact of the patent. However, a variety of methods and data sources can be used to calculate this measure. This paper evaluates similarities between citation indicators that differ in terms of (a) the patent office where the focal patent application is filed; (b) whether citations from offices other than that of the application office are considered; and (c) whether the presence of patent families is taken into account.
We analyze the correlations between these different indicators and the overlap between patents identified as highly cited by the various measures. Our findings reveal that the citation indicators obtained differ substantially.Favoring one way of calculating a citation indicator over another has non-trivial consequences and, hence, should be given explicit consideration. Correcting for patent families, especially when using a broader definition (INPADOC), provides the most uniform results.
Keywords: Patent citations,EPO,USPTO,PCT,Patent family,Multivariate analysis
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