科学网-[科普，笔记] 第一台计算机 The first computer （三）（关联：“自然运算”）-杨正瓴的博文

切换到桌面版

[科普，笔记] 第一台计算机 The first computer （三）（关联：“自然运算”）

2025-7-17 21:44

阅读：98

[科普，笔记] 第一台计算机 The first computer （三） （关联：“自然运算”）

以下对应英文的汉语，来自机器翻译。

机器翻译的某些术语，有待您进一步自行核对。

一、生活在网络空间 Living in cyberspace

越来越小的电脑 Ever smaller computers

嵌入式系统 Embedded systems

自从第一台个人电脑问世以来，半导体业务已经发展成为一个价值超过5000亿美元的全球产业。

Since the introduction of the first personal computer, the semiconductor business has grown to be more than a $500 billion worldwide industry.

手持式数字设备 Handheld digital devices

其中第一款是奥斯本1号，由活跃在旧金山家庭酿造计算机俱乐部的电子工程师李·费尔森斯坦设计，于1981年售出。很快，大多数个人电脑制造商都有了便携式电脑。

The popularity of the personal computer and the ongoing miniaturization of the semiconductor circuitry and other devices first led to the development of somewhat smaller, portable—or, as they were sometimes called, luggable—computer systems.

一个相互联系的世界 One interconnected world

互联网 The Internet

第一个网络组件ARPANET于1969年10月投入使用。

The first network component, ARPANET, became operational in October 1969.

1991年，万维网及其用户创建的页面之间的链接系统的创建达到了顶峰。

In 1991 this culminated in the creation of the World Wide Web and its system of links among user-created pages.

电子商务 E-commerce

早期对电子商务潜在利润的热情导致了大规模的现金投资和20世纪90年代的“互联网”繁荣和萧条周期。

Early enthusiasm over the potential profits from e-commerce led to massive cash investments and a “dot-com” boom-and-bust cycle in the 1990s.

在20世纪90年代和21世纪初，随着传统企业寻求接触在在线社交社区中越来越活跃的公众，保持互联网存在变得普遍。

Maintaining an Internet presence became common for conventional businesses during the 1990s and 2000s as they sought to reach out to a public that was increasingly active in online social communities.

社交网络 Social networking

早期的社交网络服务包括连接前同学的Classmates.com和雅虎！360°、Myspace和SixDegrees，通过朋友的朋友建立联系网络。到2018年，领先的社交网络服务包括脸书、推特、Instagram、领英和Snapchat。LinkedIn成为企业员工招聘的有效工具。

Early social networking services included Classmates.com, which connected former schoolmates, and Yahoo! 360°, Myspace, and SixDegrees, which built networks of connections via friends of friends. By 2018 the leading social networking services included Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Snapchat. LinkedIn became an effective tool for business staff recruiting.

普适计算 Ubiquitous computing

实际上，个人计算机的分布式网络变成了超级计算机。许多应用，如蛋白质折叠的研究，都是在分布式网络上完成的，其中一些应用涉及的计算对现有的任何一台计算机来说都太苛刻了。

In effect, a distributed network of personal computers becomes a supercomputer. Many applications, such as research into protein folding, have been done on distributed networks, and some of these applications have involved calculations that would be too demanding for any single computer in existence.

如今，普适计算的愿景预示着有一天，微处理器将出现在人类所到之处。这项技术将是隐形的、自然的，并会对正常的行为模式做出反应。计算机将消失，或者更确切地说，成为物理环境的透明部分，从而真正带来“一个人，多台计算机”的时代。

Today the vision of ubiquitous computing foresees a day when microprocessors will be found wherever humans go. The technology will be invisible and natural and will respond to normal patterns of behavior. Computers will disappear, or rather become a transparent part of the physical environment, thus truly bringing about an era of “One person, many computers.”

参考资料：

[1] The first computer, in computer in History of computing, britannica

https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer/The-first-computer