美国哈佛医学院David Reich，Nathan Nakatsuka和美国圣巴巴拉自然历史博物馆John R. Johnson共同合作，近期取得重要工作进展。他们研究分析了加州土著居民的遗传连续性和变化。相关工作成果2023年11月22日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。
据介绍，在殖民时期之前，加利福尼亚州的语言变体比整个欧洲都多，语言和考古分析产生了许多假说来解释这种多样性。
研究人员报告了来自加利福尼亚州的79个古代个体和来自墨西哥北部的40个古代个体的全基因组数据，这些数据可以追溯到距今7400-200（BP）。研究人员分析记录了生活在加利福尼亚北部海峡群岛和邻近圣巴巴拉大陆海岸的人们从公元前7400年到以生活在公元前200年左右的个体为代表的现代丘马什群体之间的长期遗传连续性。在距今5200年前，来自墨西哥西北部的现代人和古代人的独特基因谱系在加利福尼亚南部和中部的频率有所增加，这为北迁提供了证据，证明在玉米农业从墨西哥扩散之前，乌托-阿兹特克语言可能已经传播开来。来自下加利福尼亚的个体与数据集中最早来自加利福尼亚中部的个体相比，与后来来自加利福尼亚中部的个体共享更多的等位基因，这可能反映了更早的语言基础，其对当地祖先的影响被后来来自内陆地区的迁移所稀释。距今1600年后，来自海峡群岛的古代个体生活在有效规模类似于农业发展前的加勒比海和巴塔哥尼亚，比加利福尼亚大陆和墨西哥采样地区的社区要小。
附：英文原文
Title: Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California
Author: Nakatsuka, Nathan, Holguin, Brian, Sedig, Jakob, Langenwalter, Paul E., Carpenter, John, Culleton, Brendan J., Garca-Moreno, Cristina, Harper, Thomas K., Martin, Debra, Martnez-Ramrez, Jpiter, Porcayo-Michelini, Antonio, Tiesler, Vera, Villapando-Canchola, M. Elisa, Valdes Herrera, Alejandro, Callan, Kim, Curtis, Elizabeth, Kearns, Aisling, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Workman, J. Noah, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Qiu, Lijun, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Punzo Diaz, Jose Luis, Johnson, John R., Reich, David
Issue&Volume: 2023-11-22
Abstract: Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity1. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400–200years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400yearsBP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200yearsBP. The distinctive genetic lineages that characterize present-day and ancient people from Northwest Mexico increased in frequency in Southern and Central California by 5,200yearsBP, providing evidence for northward migrations that are candidates for spreading Uto-Aztecan languages before the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mexico2,3,4. Individuals from Baja California share more alleles with the earliest individual from Central California in the dataset than with later individuals from Central California, potentially reflecting an earlier linguistic substrate, whose impact on local ancestry was diluted by later migrations from inland regions1,5. After 1,600yearsBP, ancient individuals from the Channel Islands lived in communities with effective sizes similar to those in pre-agricultural Caribbean and Patagonia, and smaller than those on the California mainland and in sampled regions of Mexico.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06771-5
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06771-5
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
