小柯机器人

中国农业大学倪中福团队发现，减少油菜素甾醇的信号传递可提高半矮秆小麦的粮食产量。这一研究成果于2023年4月26日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员描述了一种设计不需要Rht-B1b或Rht-D1b等位基因的半矮杆小麦品种的策略。研究人员发现，通过自然缺失一个约500kb的单倍区块，缺失Rht-B1和ZnF-B（编码一个RING型E3连接酶），在田间试验中形成了植物结构更紧凑的半矮杆植物，并大幅提高了粮食产量（高达15.2%）。进一步的遗传分析证实，ZnF-B的缺失在没有Rht-B1B和Rht-D1B等位基因的情况下，通过减弱油菜素甾醇（BR）的感知而诱发了半矮杆性状。ZnF作为BR信号的激活剂，促进了蛋白体对BR信号抑制器BRI1激酶抑制剂1（TaBKI1）的破坏，而ZnF的缺失稳定了TaBKI1以阻断BR信号的转导。这些研究结果不仅确定了一个关键的BR信号调节器，而且提供了一个创造性的策略，通过操纵BR信号通路来设计高产的半矮杆小麦品种，以维持小麦生产。

据介绍，现代绿色革命的小麦品种（Triticum aestivum L.）由于Rht-B1和Rht-D1B等位基因而具有半矮杆和抗宿根的植物结构。然而，Rht-B1和Rht-D1B都是编码赤霉素信号抑制剂的功能增益突变等位基因，它们稳定地抑制植物生长，并对氮使用效率和谷物充填产生负面影响。因此，携带Rht-B1b或Rht-D1b的绿色革命小麦品种通常生产较小的谷物，需要较高的氮肥投入来维持其谷物产量。

附：英文原文

Title: Reducing brassinosteroid signalling enhances grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat

Author: Song, Long, Liu, Jie, Cao, Beilu, Liu, Bin, Zhang, Xiaoping, Chen, Zhaoyan, Dong, Chaoqun, Liu, Xiangqing, Zhang, Zhaoheng, Wang, Wenxi, Chai, Lingling, Liu, Jing, Zhu, Jun, Cui, Shubin, He, Fei, Peng, Huiru, Hu, Zhaorong, Su, Zhenqi, Guo, Weilong, Xin, Mingming, Yao, Yingyin, Yan, Yong, Song, Yinming, Bai, Guihua, Sun, Qixin, Ni, Zhongfu

Issue&Volume: 2023-04-26

Abstract: Modern green revolution varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) confer semi-dwarf and lodging-resistant plant architecture owing to the Reduced height-B1b (Rht-B1b) and Rht-D1b alleles1. However, both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b are gain-of-function mutant alleles encoding gibberellin signalling repressors that stably repress plant growth and negatively affect nitrogen-use efficiency and grain filling2,3,4,5. Therefore, the green revolution varieties of wheat harbouring Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b usually produce smaller grain and require higher nitrogen fertilizer inputs to maintain their grain yields. Here we describe a strategy to design semi-dwarf wheat varieties without the need for Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles. We discovered that absence of Rht-B1 and ZnF-B (encoding a RING-type E3 ligase) through a natural deletion of a haploblock of about 500kilobases shaped semi-dwarf plants with more compact plant architecture and substantially improved grain yield (up to 15.2%) in field trials. Further genetic analysis confirmed that the deletion of ZnF-B induced the semi-dwarf trait in the absence of the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b alleles through attenuating brassinosteroid (BR) perception. ZnF acts as a BR signalling activator to facilitate proteasomal destruction of the BR signalling repressor BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1 (TaBKI1), and loss of ZnF stabilizes TaBKI1 to block BR signalling transduction. Our findings not only identified a pivotal BR signalling modulator but also provided a creative strategy to design high-yield semi-dwarf wheat varieties by manipulating the BR signal pathway to sustain wheat production.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06023-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06023-6

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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