小柯机器人

法国巴黎萨克雷大学Tom O. Delmont团队发现，Mirus病毒将疱疹病毒与巨型病毒联系起来。该研究于2023年4月19日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员对阳光照耀下的海洋进行了系统发育指导的基因组解析元基因组调查，并发现了浮游生物感染疱疹病毒的亲属，形成了一个被称为Mirusviricota的推定新门类。这个大的单系支系的病毒形态发生模块是典型的来自Duplodnaviria域的病毒，其多个组成部分强烈地表明与动物感染性疱疹病毒的共同祖先。然而，相当一部分Mirus病毒的基因，包括疱疹病毒中缺少的标志性转录机器基因，是来自另一个病毒界的巨型真核DNA病毒的密切相关的同源物，即Varidnaviria。这些连接Mirusviricota与疱疹病毒和巨型真核病毒的显著混杂属性得到了100多个环境Mirus病毒基因组的支持，包括一个接近完整的432千碱基的连续基因组。

此外，Mirus病毒是在阳光照耀下的海洋中被描述为最丰富和最活跃的真核病毒之一，它编码了从一极到另一极的微生物真核生物感染过程中使用的各种功能。Mirus病毒的普遍性、功能活性、多样性和非典型的混杂属性表明，Mirusviricota在海洋生态系统的生态学和真核生物DNA病毒的进化中具有持久的作用。

据介绍，DNA病毒对细胞生物的生态学和演化有重大影响，但它们的整体多样性和演化轨迹仍然难以捉摸。

附：英文原文

Title: Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses

Author: Gaa, Morgan, Meng, Lingjie, Pelletier, Eric, Forterre, Patrick, Vanni, Chiara, Fernandez-Guerra, Antonio, Jaillon, Olivier, Wincker, Patrick, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Krupovic, Mart, Delmont, Tom O.

Issue&Volume: 2023-04-19

Abstract: DNA viruses have a major influence on the ecology and evolution of cellular organisms1,2,3,4, but their overall diversity and evolutionary trajectories remain elusive5. Here we carried out a phylogeny-guided genome-resolved metagenomic survey of the sunlit oceans and discovered plankton-infecting relatives of herpesviruses that form a putative new phylum dubbed Mirusviricota. The virion morphogenesis module of this large monophyletic clade is typical of viruses from the realm Duplodnaviria6, with multiple components strongly indicating a common ancestry with animal-infecting Herpesvirales. Yet, a substantial fraction of mirusvirus genes, including hallmark transcription machinery genes missing in herpesviruses, are closely related homologues of giant eukaryotic DNA viruses from another viral realm, Varidnaviria. These remarkable chimaeric attributes connecting Mirusviricota to herpesviruses and giant eukaryotic viruses are supported by more than 100 environmental mirusvirus genomes, including a near-complete contiguous genome of 432kilobases. Moreover, mirusviruses are among the most abundant and active eukaryotic viruses characterized in the sunlit oceans, encoding a diverse array of functions used during the infection of microbial eukaryotes from pole to pole. The prevalence, functional activity, diversification and atypical chimaeric attributes of mirusviruses point to a lasting role of Mirusviricota in the ecology of marine ecosystems and in the evolution of eukaryotic DNA viruses.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05962-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05962-4

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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