小柯机器人

中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所谢旗等研究人员合作发现，一种Gγ蛋白调节碱性敏感作物。2023年3月24日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

通过对高粱这种天然高耐碱作物的基因组关联分析，研究人员发现了一个主要的基因座，即耐碱1（AT1），它与碱度敏感性特别相关。一个具有羧基末端截断的at1等位基因增加了敏感性，而AT1的敲除增加了高粱、小米、水稻和玉米对碱度的耐受性。AT1编码一个非典型的G蛋白γ亚基，影响水通道蛋白的磷酸化来调节过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的分布。这些过程似乎可以保护植物免受碱的氧化压力。设计AT1同源物的基因敲除或选择其天然无功能的等位基因可以提高钠盐地的作物产量。

据介绍，由于对植物耐碱性的知识和育种工作的匮乏，阻碍了利用碱性盐碱地进行作物生产。

附：英文原文

Title: A Gγ protein regulates alkaline sensitivity in crops

Author: Huili Zhang, Feifei Yu, Peng Xie, Shengyuan Sun, Xinhua Qiao, Sanyuan Tang, Chengxuan Chen, Sen Yang, Cuo Mei, Dekai Yang, Yaorong Wu, Ran Xia, Xu Li, Jun Lu, Yuxi Liu, Xiaowei Xie, Dongmei Ma, Xing Xu, Zhengwei Liang, Zhonghui Feng, Xiahe Huang, Hong Yu, Guifu Liu, Yingchun Wang, Jiayang Li, Qifa Zhang, Chang Chen, Yidan Ouyang, Qi Xie

Issue&Volume: 2023-03-24

Abstract: The use of alkaline salt lands for crop production is hindered by a scarcity of knowledge and breeding efforts for plant alkaline tolerance. Through genome association analysis of sorghum, a naturally high-alkaline–tolerant crop, we detected a major locus, Alkaline Tolerance 1 (AT1), specifically related to alkaline-salinity sensitivity. An at1 allele with a carboxyl-terminal truncation increased sensitivity, whereas knockout of AT1 increased tolerance to alkalinity in sorghum, millet, rice, and maize. AT1 encodes an atypical G protein γ subunit that affects the phosphorylation of aquaporins to modulate the distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These processes appear to protect plants against oxidative stress by alkali. Designing knockouts of AT1 homologs or selecting its natural nonfunctional alleles could improve crop productivity in sodic lands.

DOI: ade8416

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade8416