小柯机器人

科学家发现情感行为状态的心源性控制
2023-03-07 13:51

美国斯坦福大学Karl Deisseroth团队发现情感行为状态的心源性控制。2023年3月1日,《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员表示,情绪状态会影响身体的生理机能,例如,焦虑会导致心脏跳动加快,这是一个自上而下的过程。然而,心率加快本身是否会诱发焦虑或恐惧反应尚不清楚。一个多世纪前提出的关于情绪的生理学理论认为,一般来说,从身体到大脑可能有一个重要的甚至是主导的信息流。

为了正式测试这个想法,研究人员开发了一个非侵入性的光遗传起搏器,用于精确地、针对细胞类型地控制自由移动的小鼠每分钟高达900次的心律,这是通过一个可穿戴的微型LED线束和一个强大的泵类通道视紫红质的系统病毒传递来实现。研究人员发现,光诱发的心动过速能有效地增强类似焦虑的行为,但关键是只在有风险的情况下,这表明中枢(大脑)和外周(身体)过程都可能参与情绪状态的发展。为了确定潜在的机制,研究人员使用全脑活动筛选和电生理学来寻找被强加的心律激活的大脑区域。研究人员确定后脑岛皮层是自下而上的心脏互感处理的潜在媒介,并发现对这一脑区的光遗传抑制减弱了由光学心脏起搏诱发的焦虑样行为。这些发现共同揭示了必须同时考虑身体和大脑的细胞,以了解情绪或情感状态的起源。更广泛地说,这些结果为无创的、时间上精确的、行为期间目标细胞之间的联合有机体范围内的相互作用功能调查定义了一种可推广的方法。

附:英文原文

Title: Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state

Author: Hsueh, Brian, Chen, Ritchie, Jo, YoungJu, Tang, Daniel, Raffiee, Misha, Kim, Yoon Seok, Inoue, Masatoshi, Randles, Sawyer, Ramakrishnan, Charu, Patel, Sneha, Kim, Doo Kyung, Liu, Tony X., Kim, Soo Hyun, Tan, Longzhi, Mortazavi, Leili, Cordero, Arjay, Shi, Jenny, Zhao, Mingming, Ho, Theodore T., Crow, Ailey, Yoo, Ai-Chi Wang, Raja, Cephra, Evans, Kathryn, Bernstein, Daniel, Zeineh, Michael, Goubran, Maged, Deisseroth, Karl

Issue&Volume: 2023-03-01

Abstract: Emotional states influence bodily physiology, as exemplified in the top-down process by which anxiety causes faster beating of the heart1,2,3. However, whether an increased heart rate might itself induce anxiety or fear responses is unclear3,4,5,6,7,8. Physiological theories of emotion, proposed over a century ago, have considered that in general, there could be an important and even dominant flow of information from the body to the brain9. Here, to formally test this idea, we developed a noninvasive optogenetic pacemaker for precise, cell-type-specific control of cardiac rhythms of up to 900beats per minute in freely moving mice, enabled by a wearable micro-LED harness and the systemic viral delivery of a potent pump-like channelrhodopsin. We found that optically evoked tachycardia potently enhanced anxiety-like behaviour, but crucially only in risky contexts, indicating that both central (brain) and peripheral (body) processes may be involved in the development of emotional states. To identify potential mechanisms, we used whole-brain activity screening and electrophysiology to find brain regions that were activated by imposed cardiac rhythms. We identified the posterior insular cortex as a potential mediator of bottom-up cardiac interoceptive processing, and found that optogenetic inhibition of this brain region attenuated the anxiety-like behaviour that was induced by optical cardiac pacing. Together, these findings reveal that cells of both the body and the brain must be considered together to understand the origins of emotional or affective states. More broadly, our results define a generalizable approach for noninvasive, temporally precise functional investigations of joint organism-wide interactions among targeted cells during behaviour.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05748-8

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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