小柯机器人

华南农业大学Haiyang Wang，Jinsheng Lai，北京市农林科学院Jiuran Zhao和河南农业大学Yanhui Chen共同合作，近期取得重要工作进展。他们通过对12个近交系的从头基因组组装和分析为玉米杂种优势的研究提供新思路。相关研究成果2023年1月16日在线发表于《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

据介绍，杂交玉米表现出优异的杂种优势，占全球谷物总产量的30%以上。然而，杂种优势的分子机制仍不清楚。

研究人员发现，亲本系之间的结构变异（SV）对玉米杂种优势具有主导作用。对12个玉米近交系（FIL）的基因组从头组装和分析揭示了这些FIL之间的丰富遗传变异，通过表达数量性状基因座和关联分析，研究人员确定了几个促成各种杂种群体基因组和表型分化的SV。使用一组91个双杂交F₁杂种，研究人员发现F₁杂种的优良亲本杂种优势与亲本系之间的SV数量之间存在强烈的正相关，为遗传互补在杂种优势中的普遍作用提供了具体的基因组支持。

此外，研究人员记录了ZAR1和ZmACO2中的SV以超显性方式促进产量优势的证据。他们的研究结果将促进基于基因组学的杂交玉米育种。

附：英文原文

Title: De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 founder inbred lines provide insights into maize heterosis

Author: Wang, Baobao, Hou, Mei, Shi, Junpeng, Ku, Lixia, Song, Wei, Li, Chunhui, Ning, Qiang, Li, Xin, Li, Changyu, Zhao, Binbin, Zhang, Ruyang, Xu, Hua, Bai, Zhijing, Xia, Zhanchao, Wang, Hai, Kong, Dexin, Wei, Hongbin, Jing, Yifeng, Dai, Zhouyan, Wang, Hu Hailing, Zhu, Xinyu, Li, Chunhui, Sun, Xuan, Wang, Shuaishuai, Yao, Wen, Hou, Gege, Qi, Zhi, Dai, He, Li, Xuming, Zheng, Hongkun, Zhang, Zhuxin, Li, Yu, Wang, Tianyu, Jiang, Taijiao, Wan, Zhaoman, Chen, Yanhui, Zhao, Jiuran, Lai, Jinsheng, Wang, Haiyang

Issue&Volume: 2023-01-16

Abstract: Hybrid maize displays superior heterosis and contributes over 30% of total worldwide cereal production. However, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis remain obscure. Here we show that structural variants (SVs) between the parental lines have a predominant role underpinning maize heterosis. De novo assembly and analyses of 12 maize founder inbred lines (FILs) reveal abundant genetic variations among these FILs and, through expression quantitative trait loci and association analyses, we identify several SVs contributing to genomic and phenotypic differentiations of various heterotic groups. Using a set of 91 diallel-cross F1 hybrids, we found strong positive correlations between better-parent heterosis of the F1 hybrids and the numbers of SVs between the parental lines, providing concrete genomic support for a prevalent role of genetic complementation underlying heterosis. Further, we document evidence that SVs in both ZAR1 and ZmACO2 contribute to yield heterosis in an overdominance fashion. Our results should promote genomics-based breeding of hybrid maize.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01283-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-022-01283-w

Nature Genetics：《自然—遗传学》，创刊于1992年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：41.307
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