小柯机器人

突触梯度转换物体位置转换为行动
2023-01-07 15:01

美国哥伦比亚大学Gwyneth M. Card等研究人员合作发现,突触梯度转换物体位置转换为行动。相关论文于2023年1月4日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员通过果蝇的行为学、生理学、解剖学和连接组学表明,视觉运动转换是通过将特征检测视觉投射神经元(VPN)的树突形成的地形图转换为VPN输出到大脑中央神经元的突触重量梯度而发生的。研究人员证明了这种梯度模体是如何将视觉逼近刺激的前后位置转化为果蝇的逃逸方向。具体来说,研究人员发现两个突触后的神经元对一个逼近反应型VPN的促进作用是相反的起飞方向。来自不同视野区域的逼近性VPN对这些神经元的突触重量梯度将局部的逼近性威胁转化为正确的逃逸方向。
 
对于第二个逼近反应的VPN类型,研究人员证明了沿背腹轴的分级反应。结果表明,这种突触梯度模体普遍存在于所有20种初级VPN细胞类型中,并且最常出现的是没有VPN轴突的地形。因此,突触梯度可能是将感觉信息的空间特征传达给定向运动输出的一种普遍机制。
 
据悉,为了生存,动物必须将感觉信息转化为适当的行为。视觉是定位与伦理学有关的刺激物和指导运动反应的一种常见的感觉。回路如何将视网膜坐标中的物体位置转换为身体坐标中的运动方向在很大程度上仍然是未知的。
 
附:英文原文

Title: Synaptic gradients transform object location to action

Author: Dombrovski, Mark, Peek, Martin Y., Park, Jin-Yong, Vaccari, Andrea, Sumathipala, Marissa, Morrow, Carmen, Breads, Patrick, Zhao, Arthur, Kurmangaliyev, Yerbol Z., Sanfilippo, Piero, Rehan, Aadil, Polsky, Jason, Alghailani, Shada, Tenshaw, Emily, Namiki, Shigehiro, Zipursky, S. Lawrence, Card, Gwyneth M.

Issue&Volume: 2023-01-04

Abstract: To survive, animals must convert sensory information into appropriate behaviours1,2. Vision is a common sense for locating ethologically relevant stimuli and guiding motor responses3,4,5. How circuitry converts object location in retinal coordinates to movement direction in body coordinates remains largely unknown. Here we show through behaviour, physiology, anatomy and connectomics in Drosophila that visuomotor transformation occurs by conversion of topographic maps formed by the dendrites of feature-detecting visual projection neurons (VPNs)6,7 into synaptic weight gradients of VPN outputs onto central brain neurons. We demonstrate how this gradient motif transforms the anteroposterior location of a visual looming stimulus into the fly’s directional escape. Specifically, we discover that two neurons postsynaptic to a looming-responsive VPN type promote opposite takeoff directions. Opposite synaptic weight gradients onto these neurons from looming VPNs in different visual field regions convert localized looming threats into correctly oriented escapes. For a second looming-responsive VPN type, we demonstrate graded responses along the dorsoventral axis. We show that this synaptic gradient motif generalizes across all 20 primary VPN cell types and most often arises without VPN axon topography. Synaptic gradients may thus be a general mechanism for conveying spatial features of sensory information into directed motor outputs.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05562-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05562-8

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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