小柯机器人

移动视网膜的肌肉可增强果蝇的复眼视觉
2022-10-30 19:42

美国洛克菲勒大学Gaby Maimon等研究人员合作发现,移动视网膜的肌肉可增强果蝇的复眼视觉。相关论文于2022年10月26日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员表明,果蝇使用它们的视网膜肌肉来平稳地跟踪视觉运动,这有助于稳定视网膜图像,也有助于在观看静止的场景时进行小幅度的扫视。研究人员表明,当视网膜移动时,视觉感受野会相应地移动,甚至最小的视网膜扫视移动也会激活视觉神经元。使用头部固定的行为范式,研究人员发现果蝇在跨越间隙时进行双眼、视网膜的辐合运动——这可以增强深度知觉,而且损害视网膜运动神经元的生理学会改变自由行为期间的间隙跨越轨迹。果蝇演化出了驱动其视网膜的能力,这表明对动物来说,独立于头部移动眼睛是广泛的首要任务。果蝇视网膜和脊椎动物眼睛的平滑和扫视运动的相似性突出了一个趋同演化的显著例子。

据了解,大多数动物都有复眼,由几万到几千块晶状体刚性地附着在外骨骼上。一个自然的假设是,所有这些物种都必须借助于移动它们的头部或身体来主动改变其视觉输入。然而,经典的解剖学显示,果蝇有肌肉准备在每个复眼的稳定晶状体下移动它们的视网膜。

附:英文原文

Title: Muscles that move the retina augment compound eye vision in Drosophila

Author: Fenk, Lisa M., Avritzer, Sofia C., Weisman, Jazz L., Nair, Aditya, Randt, Lucas D., Mohren, Thomas L., Siwanowicz, Igor, Maimon, Gaby

Issue&Volume: 2022-10-26

Abstract: Most animals have compound eyes, with tens to thousands of lenses attached rigidly to the exoskeleton. A natural assumption is that all of these species must resort to moving either their head or their body to actively change their visual input. However, classic anatomy has revealed that flies have muscles poised to move their retinas under the stable lenses of each compound eye1,2,3. Here we show that Drosophila use their retinal muscles to smoothly track visual motion, which helps to stabilize the retinal image, and also to perform small saccades when viewing a stationary scene. We show that when the retina moves, visual receptive fields shift accordingly, and that even the smallest retinal saccades activate visual neurons. Using a head-fixed behavioural paradigm, we find that Drosophila perform binocular, vergence movements of their retinas—which could enhance depth perception—when crossing gaps, and impairing the physiology of retinal motor neurons alters gap-crossing trajectories during free behaviour. That flies evolved an ability to actuate their retinas suggests that moving the eye independently of the head is broadly paramount for animals. The similarities of smooth and saccadic movements of the Drosophila retina and the vertebrate eye highlight a notable example of convergent evolution.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05317-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05317-5

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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