小柯机器人

近日，德国图宾根大学Katrin Franke等研究人员发现，状态依赖性的瞳孔扩张迅速转移视觉特征的选择性。2022年9月28日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员发现行为状态也会调节小鼠视觉皮层在彩色自然场景中的刺激选择性。利用行为小鼠的群体成像、药理学和深度神经网络建模，研究人员发现在活跃的行为状态下，颜色的选择性会迅速转向紫外线刺激。这完全是由依赖状态的瞳孔扩张引起的，这导致了从视杆光受体到视锥光受体的动态转换，从而使它们的作用超出了夜视和昼视。调谐的变化促进了行为学刺激的解码，如空中捕食者与黄昏天空的对比。几十年来，神经科学和认知科学的研究一直使用瞳孔放大作为大脑状态的间接测量。这些数据表明，状态依赖性的瞳孔扩张本身通过在快速时间尺度上，不同地招募视杆和视锥来调整视觉表征的行为需求。

据介绍，为了提高计算的灵活性，对感觉输入的处理随着行为环境的变化而变化。在视觉系统中，以运动活动和瞳孔放大为特征的积极行为状态增强了感觉反应，但通常使神经元的首选刺激保持不变。

附：英文原文

Title: State-dependent pupil dilation rapidly shifts visual feature selectivity

Author: Franke, Katrin, Willeke, Konstantin F., Ponder, Kayla, Galdamez, Mario, Zhou, Na, Muhammad, Taliah, Patel, Saumil, Froudarakis, Emmanouil, Reimer, Jacob, Sinz, Fabian H., Tolias, Andreas S.

Issue&Volume: 2022-09-28

Abstract: To increase computational flexibility, the processing of sensory inputs changes with behavioural context. In the visual system, active behavioural states characterized by motor activity and pupil dilation1,2 enhance sensory responses, but typically leave the preferred stimuli of neurons unchanged2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Here we find that behavioural state also modulates stimulus selectivity in the mouse visual cortex in the context of coloured natural scenes. Using population imaging in behaving mice, pharmacology and deep neural network modelling, we identified a rapid shift in colour selectivity towards ultraviolet stimuli during an active behavioural state. This was exclusively caused by state-dependent pupil dilation, which resulted in a dynamic switch from rod to cone photoreceptors, thereby extending their role beyond night and day vision. The change in tuning facilitated the decoding of ethological stimuli, such as aerial predators against the twilight sky10. For decades, studies in neuroscience and cognitive science have used pupil dilation as an indirect measure of brain state. Our data suggest that, in addition, state-dependent pupil dilation itself tunes visual representations to behavioural demands by differentially recruiting rods and cones on fast timescales.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05270-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05270-3

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html