小柯机器人

科学家发现脂肪偏好的肠道-大脑回路
2022-09-11 17:54

美国霍华德休斯医学研究所Charles S. Zuker团队发现脂肪偏好的肠道-大脑回路。相关论文于2022年9月7日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员,即使在没有功能性味觉系统的情况下,脂肪刺激也能诱发行为上的吸引。研究人员证明,脂肪通过肠道-大脑轴在消化后发挥作用,驱动对脂肪的偏好。利用单细胞数据,研究人员确定了对肠道输送脂肪作出反应的迷走神经元,并表明对这种肠道-大脑回路的遗传沉默废除了脂肪偏好的发展。接下来,研究人员比较了驱动对脂肪和糖偏好的肠道到大脑途径,并发现了两个平行的系统,一个作为基本营养物质的一般传感器,对肠道的糖、脂肪和氨基酸的刺激作出反应,而另一个只被脂肪刺激激活。

最后,研究人员设计了缺乏检测肠道脂肪存在候选受体的动物,并验证了它们作为肠道到大脑脂肪诱发反应媒介的作用。这些发现共同揭示了不同的细胞和受体利用肠道-大脑轴作为脂肪偏好发展的基本渠道。

据悉,对脂肪的感知会唤起强烈的食欲和满足反应。

附:英文原文

Title: Gut-Brain Circuits for Fat Preference

Author: Li, Mengtong, Tan, Hwei-Ee, Lu, Zhengyuan, Tsang, Katherine S., Chung, Ashley J., Zuker, Charles S.

Issue&Volume: 2022-09-07

Abstract: The perception of fat evokes strong appetitive and consummatory responses1. Here we show that fat stimuli can induce behavioural attraction even in the absence of a functional taste system2,3. We demonstrate that fat acts post-ingestively via the gut-brain axis to drive preference for fat. Using single-cell data, we identified the vagal neurons responding to intestinal delivery of fat, and showed that genetic silencing of this gut-to-brain circuit abolished the development of fat preference. Next, we compared the gut-to-brain pathways driving preference for fat versus sugar4, and uncovered two parallel systems, one functioning as a general sensor of essential nutrients, responding to intestinal stimulation with sugar, fat and amino acids, while the other is activated only by fat stimuli. Lastly, we engineered animals lacking candidate receptors detecting the presence of intestinal fat, and validated their role as the mediators of gut-to-brain fat-evoked responses. Together, these findings revealed distinct cells and receptors using the gut-brain axis as a fundamental conduit for the development of fat preference.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05266-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05266-z

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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