小柯机器人

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研究揭示心血管和心肺控制的分子定义回路
2022-06-04 23:18
来源：小柯机器人

美国斯坦福大学医学院Mark A. Krasnow小组揭示心血管和心肺控制的分子定义回路。相关论文于2022年6月1日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员使用逆行神经元追踪、单细胞RNA测序、光遗传学和生理学实验来剖析了小鼠的心脏副交感神经控制回路。结果表明，脑干疑核（Amb）中的心脏支配神经元是由两个分子上、解剖上和功能上不同的亚型组成的。第一种，被称之为疑核心血管（ACV）神经元（每个Amb大约35个神经元），定义了经典的心脏副交感神经回路。它们选择性地支配心脏副交感神经节神经元的一个亚群，并介导气压感受器反射，减缓心率和房室结传导以应对血压升高。另一种是疑核心肺（ACP）神经元（每个Amb大约15个神经元），支配与ACV神经元混合的心脏神经节神经元，其功能与ACV神经元支配的神经元没有区别。
 
ACP神经元也支配大多数或所有的肺副交感神经节神经元，克隆标记显示，单个ACP神经元支配这两个器官。ACP神经元介导潜水反射，即浸水后同时出现的心动过缓和支气管收缩。因此，心脏的副交感神经控制被组织成两个平行回路，一个是选择性地控制心脏功能（ACV回路），另一个是协调心脏和肺功能（ACP回路）。这种对心脏控制的新认识对治疗心脏和肺部疾病以及阐明其他器官的控制和协调回路有意义。
 
据了解，交感和副交感神经系统调节内脏器官的活动，但其组成的神经元和回路的分子和功能多样性在很大程度上仍是未知的。
 
附：英文原文
 
Title: Molecularly defined circuits for cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary control

Author: Veerakumar, Avin, Yung, Andrea R., Liu, Yin, Krasnow, Mark A.

Issue&Volume: 2022-06-01

Abstract: The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems regulate the activities of internal organs1, but the molecular and functional diversity of their constituent neurons and circuits remains largely unknown. Here we use retrograde neuronal tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, optogenetics and physiological experiments to dissect the cardiac parasympathetic control circuit in mice. We show that cardiac-innervating neurons in the brainstem nucleus ambiguus (Amb) are comprised of two molecularly, anatomically and functionally distinct subtypes. The first, which we call ambiguus cardiovascular (ACV) neurons (approximately 35 neurons per Amb), define the classical cardiac parasympathetic circuit. They selectively innervate a subset of cardiac parasympathetic ganglion neurons and mediate the baroreceptor reflex, slowing heart rate and atrioventricular node conduction in response to increased blood pressure. The other, ambiguus cardiopulmonary (ACP) neurons (approximately 15 neurons per Amb) innervate cardiac ganglion neurons intermingled with and functionally indistinguishable from those innervated by ACV neurons. ACP neurons also innervate most or all lung parasympathetic ganglion neurons—clonal labelling shows that individual ACP neurons innervate both organs. ACP neurons mediate the dive reflex, the simultaneous bradycardia and bronchoconstriction that follows water immersion. Thus, parasympathetic control of the heart is organized into two parallel circuits, one that selectively controls cardiac function (ACV circuit) and another that coordinates cardiac and pulmonary function (ACP circuit). This new understanding of cardiac control has implications for treating cardiac and pulmonary diseases and for elucidating the control and coordination circuits of other organs.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04760-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04760-8

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表

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