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急性应激时大脑运动和恐惧回路调节白细胞
2022-05-31 13:00
来源：小柯机器人

美国西奈山伊坎医学院Filip K. Swirski、Wolfram C. Poller等研究人员合作发现，大脑运动和恐惧回路在急性应激期间调节白细胞。2022年5月30日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员发现，在小鼠急性应激期间，不同的大脑区域塑造了白细胞的分布和整个身体的功能。利用光遗传学和化学遗传学，研究人员证明运动回路通过骨骼肌来源的吸引中性粒细胞的趋化因子诱导中性粒细胞从骨髓快速动员到周围组织。相反，室旁下丘脑通过直接的、细胞内的糖皮质激素信号控制单核细胞和淋巴细胞从二级淋巴器官和血液向骨髓排出。这些压力诱导的、反方向的、全群体的白细胞转移与疾病易感性的改变有关。
 
一方面，急性应激通过重塑中性粒细胞并引导它们被招募到损伤部位来改变先天免疫力。另一方面，促肾上腺素释放激素（CRH）神经元介导的白细胞转移可防止获得自身免疫，但会损害对SARS-CoV-2和流感感染的免疫力。总的来说，这些数据显示，在心理压力期间，不同的大脑区域会不同地、迅速地调整白细胞景观，从而校准免疫系统对身体威胁的反应能力。
 
据了解，神经系统和免疫系统有着错综复杂的联系。尽管人们知道心理压力可以调节免疫功能，但将大脑中的压力网络与外周白细胞联系起来的机制途径仍然不为人知。
 
附：英文原文
 
Title: Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress

Author: Poller, Wolfram C., Downey, Jeffrey, Mooslechner, Agnes A., Khan, Nargis, Li, Long, Chan, Christopher T., McAlpine, Cameron S., Xu, Chunliang, Kahles, Florian, He, Shun, Janssen, Henrike, Mindur, John E., Singh, Sumnima, Kiss, Mt G., Alonso-Herranz, Laura, Iwamoto, Yoshiko, Kohler, Rainer H., Wong, Lai Ping, Chetal, Kashish, Russo, Scott J., Sadreyev, Ruslan I., Weissleder, Ralph, Nahrendorf, Matthias, Frenette, Paul S., Divangahi, Maziar, Swirski, Filip K.

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-30

Abstract: The nervous and immune systems are intricately linked1. Although psychological stress is known to modulate immune function, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the brain to peripheral leukocytes remain poorly understood2. Here, we show that distinct brain regions shape leukocyte distribution and function throughout the body during acute stress in mice. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics, we demonstrate that motor circuits induce rapid neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow to peripheral tissues via skeletal muscle-derived neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Conversely, the paraventricular hypothalamus controls monocyte and lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs and blood to the bone marrow through direct, cell-intrinsic glucocorticoid signaling. These stress-induced, counter-directional, population-wide leukocyte shifts are associated with altered disease susceptibility. On the one hand, acute stress changes innate immunity by reprogramming neutrophils and directing their recruitment to sites of injury. On the other hand, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neuron-mediated leukocyte shifts protect against the acquisition of autoimmunity, but impair immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. Collectively, these data show that distinct brain regions differentially and rapidly tailor the leukocyte landscape during psychological stress, thus calibrating the immune system’s capacity to respond to physical threats.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04890-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04890-z

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表

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