小柯机器人

星形胶质细胞在不同疾病中的反应性转录调控不同，这一成果由美国加州大学Michael V. Sofroniew、Joshua E. Burda研究组经过不懈努力而取得。2022年5月25日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员通过将生物学和信息学分析（包括RNA测序、蛋白质检测、转座酶可及染色质测定与高通量测序(ATAC-seq)和条件基因缺失）相结合的方法来预测转录调节因子，这些调节因子调控了超过12,000个与小鼠和人不同中枢神经系统疾病中星形胶质细胞反应有关的差异表达基因(DEGs)。与星形胶质细胞反应相关的DEG在疾病中表现出明显的异质性。转录调节因子也具有疾病特异性差异，但研究人员发现了一个在这两个物种多种疾病中常见的由61个转录调节因子组成的核心组。实验表明，DEG多样性是由不同转录调节因子与特定细胞内环境之间相互作用决定的。

值得注意的是，相同反应性转录调节因子可以调节不同疾病中显著不同的DEG队列。转录调节因子对DNA结合基序的可及性变化在不同疾病之间存在明显差异；对DEG变化至关重要的调控可能需要多个反应性转录调节因子。通过调节反应性，转录调节因子可以显著改变疾病结果，并可以将其作为治疗靶点。该研究提供了与疾病相关反应性星形胶质细胞DEG及可搜索的预测转录调节因子资源。该研究结果表明，与星形胶质细胞反应性相关的转录变化是高度异质的，并且可通过特定于细胞内环境的转录调节因子组合产生大量潜在的DEG。

据悉，星形胶质细胞对中枢神经系统疾病和损伤作出反应，反应性变化会影响疾病进展。这些变化包括DEGs，然而对DEGs背景多样性和调控知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders

Author: Burda, Joshua E., OShea, Timothy M., Ao, Yan, Suresh, Keshav B., Wang, Shinong, Bernstein, Alexander M., Chandra, Ashu, Deverasetty, Sandeep, Kawaguchi, Riki, Kim, Jae H., McCallum, Sarah, Rogers, Alexandra, Wahane, Shalaka, Sofroniew, Michael V.

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-25

Abstract: Astrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system with reactive changes that influence the outcome of the disorder1,2,3,4. These changes include differentially expressed genes (DEGs) whose contextual diversity and regulation are poorly understood. Here we combined biological and informatic analyses, including RNA sequencing, protein detection, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and conditional gene deletion, to predict transcriptional regulators that differentially control more than 12,000 DEGs that are potentially associated with astrocyte reactivity across diverse central nervous system disorders in mice and humans. DEGs associated with astrocyte reactivity exhibited pronounced heterogeneity across disorders. Transcriptional regulators also exhibited disorder-specific differences, but a core group of 61 transcriptional regulators was identified as common across multiple disorders in both species. We show experimentally that DEG diversity is determined by combinatorial, context-specific interactions between transcriptional regulators. Notably, the same reactivity transcriptional regulators can regulate markedly different DEG cohorts in different disorders; changes in the access of transcriptional regulators to DNA-binding motifs differ markedly across disorders; and DEG changes can crucially require multiple reactivity transcriptional regulators. We show that, by modulating reactivity, transcriptional regulators can substantially alter disorder outcome, implicating them as therapeutic targets. We provide searchable resources of disorder-related reactive astrocyte DEGs and their predicted transcriptional regulators. Our findings show that transcriptional changes associated with astrocyte reactivity are highly heterogeneous and are customized from vast numbers of potential DEGs through context-specific combinatorial transcriptional-regulator interactions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04739-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04739-5

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html