小柯机器人

浙江大学医学院刘冲课题组探明了嗅觉体验通过神经元IGF1调控脑胶质瘤的发生。相关论文于2022年5月11日发表在《自然》杂志上。

他们表明嗅觉可以直接调节胶质瘤发生。在一个概括了起源于少突胶质细胞前体细胞 (OPCs) 的成人胶质瘤发生的本土小鼠模型中，胶质瘤优先出现在嗅球中——大脑嗅觉回路的第一个中继。操纵嗅觉受体神经元 (ORN) 的活动会影响神经胶质瘤的发展。从机制上讲，嗅觉刺激二尖瓣和簇状 (M/T) 细胞，它们从 ORN 接收感觉信息并以活动依赖性方式释放IGF1。M/T 细胞中 Igf1 的特异性敲除可抑制胶质瘤发生。此外，敲除癌前突变 OPCs 中的 IGF1 受体消除了 ORN 活性依赖性有丝分裂作用。他们的研究结果通过其相应的感觉神经元回路建立了感觉体验和神经胶质瘤发生之间的联系。

据介绍，动物不断地从周围环境中接受各种感官刺激，如气味、声音、光线和触觉。这些感官输入对于动物寻找食物和躲避捕食者来说是必不可少的，但它们也会影响它们的生理状态，并可能导致癌症等疾病。恶性神经胶质瘤 - 最致命的脑肿瘤形式 - 已知与细胞水平的神经元密切沟通。然而，在正常生活条件下，外界感觉刺激是否能直接影响恶性胶质瘤的发展尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Olfactory sensory experience regulates gliomagenesis via neuronal IGF1

Author: Chen, Pengxiang, Wang, Wei, Liu, Rui, Lyu, Jiahui, Zhang, Lei, Li, Baizhou, Qiu, Biying, Tian, Anhao, Jiang, Wenhong, Ying, Honggang, Jing, Rui, Wang, Qianqian, Zhu, Keqing, Bai, Ruiliang, Zeng, Linghui, Duan, Shumin, Liu, Chong

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-11

Abstract: Animals constantly receive various sensory stimuli, such as odours, sounds, light and touch, from the surrounding environment. These sensory inputs are essential for animals to search for food and avoid predators, but they also affect their physiological status, and may cause diseases such as cancer. Malignant gliomas—the most lethal form of brain tumour1—are known to intimately communicate with neurons at the cellular level2,3. However, it remains unclear whether external sensory stimuli can directly affect the development of malignant glioma under normal living conditions. Here we show that olfaction can directly regulate gliomagenesis. In an autochthonous mouse model that recapitulates adult gliomagenesis4,5,6 originating in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), gliomas preferentially emerge in the olfactory bulb—the first relay of brain olfactory circuitry. Manipulating the activity of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) affects the development of glioma. Mechanistically, olfaction excites mitral and tufted (M/T) cells, which receive sensory information from ORNs and release insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in an activity-dependent manner. Specific knockout of Igf1 in M/T cells suppresses gliomagenesis. In addition, knocking out the IGF1 receptor in pre-cancerous mutant OPCs abolishes the ORN-activity-dependent mitogenic effects. Our findings establish a link between sensory experience and gliomagenesis through their corresponding sensory neuronal circuits.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04719-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04719-9

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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