小柯机器人

美国德州农工大学Libo Shan，Ping He和Shuguo Hou共同合作取得重要研究进展。他们发现植物细胞因子信号通路在植物免疫和失水过程中重新打开气孔。相关论文2022年5月4日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。

在这里，研究人员表明调节防御和失水的分泌肽SMALL PHYTOCYTOKINES (SCREWs) 和同源受体激酶PLANT SCREW UNRESPONSIVE RECEPTOR (NUT) 反调节植物激素脱落酸 (ABA) 和微生物相关分子模式 (MAMP) 诱导气孔关闭。 由NUT感知的SCREWs作为免疫调节植物细胞因子发挥作用，并招募SOMATIC EMBRYOGENIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE（SERK）共同受体来传递免疫信号。

SCREWs触发了NUT依赖性的ABA INSENSITIVE 1（ABI1）和ABI2的磷酸化，导致ABI磷酸酶对OPEN STOMATA 1（OST1）的活性增加，以及S型阴离子通道的活性降低，OST1是一种介导ABA和MAMP诱导的气孔关闭的关键激酶。在脱水和病原体感染诱导后，SCREW-NUT信号传导促进质外体水分流失并破坏富含微生物的水生栖息地以限制病原体定植。 SCREW-NUT系统广泛分布于陆地植物中，这表明它在防止由非生物和生物胁迫引起的不受控制的气孔关闭以优化植物适应性方面具有重要作用。

据了解，气孔通过调节气体交换和水分蒸发作用，对全球碳循环和水循环产生重要影响。气孔关闭可以防止脱水时的水分流失，并且限制病原体的进入。然而，长时间的气孔关闭会降低了光合作用和蒸腾作用，并产生促进病原体定植的水质体。植物如何在不断变化的气候中动态调节气孔重新开放尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss

Author: Liu, Zunyong, Hou, Shuguo, Rodrigues, Olivier, Wang, Ping, Luo, Dexian, Munemasa, Shintaro, Lei, Jiaxin, Liu, Jun, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Wang, Xin, Nomura, Kinya, Yin, Chuanchun, Wang, Hongbo, Zhang, Wei, Zhu-Salzman, Keyan, He, Sheng Yang, He, Ping, Shan, Libo

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-04

Abstract: Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas exchange and water vapour1,2. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to dehydration and limits pathogen entry3,4. However, prolonged stomatal closure reduces photosynthesis and transpiration and creates aqueous apoplasts that promote colonization by pathogens. How plants dynamically regulate stomatal reopening in a changing climate is unclear. Here we show that the secreted peptides SMALL PHYTOCYTOKINES REGULATING DEFENSE AND WATER LOSS (SCREWs) and the cognate receptor kinase PLANT SCREW UNRESPONSIVE RECEPTOR (NUT) counter-regulate phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)- and microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-induced stomatal closure. SCREWs sensed by NUT function as immunomodulatory phytocytokines and recruit SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors to relay immune signalling. SCREWs trigger the NUT-dependent phosphorylation of ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and ABI2, which leads to an increase in the activity of ABI phosphatases towards OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1)—a key kinase that mediates ABA- and MAMP-induced stomatal closure5,6—and a reduction in the activity of S-type anion channels. After induction by dehydration and pathogen infection, SCREW–NUT signalling promotes apoplastic water loss and disrupts microorganism-rich aqueous habitats to limit pathogen colonization. The SCREW–NUT system is widely distributed across land plants, which suggests that it has an important role in preventing uncontrolled stomatal closure caused by abiotic and biotic stresses to optimize plant fitness.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04684-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04684-3

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