澳大利亚悉尼科技大学Justin R. Seymour、Jean-Baptiste Raina等研究人员合作发现，趋化作用塑造海洋微生物组的微观组织。该研究于2022年4月20日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。
研究人员使用一个基于野外的微流控平台来量化了海洋细菌和古细菌的行为反应，在一个沿海场地的多个部署中，研究人员观察到对浮游植物衍生的溶解性有机物（DOM）微观热点的显著趋化作用，时间跨度达数月。微观元基因组学显示，广泛的海洋原核生物，包括27个细菌门和2个古生物门，对来自10个全球分布的浮游植物物种的微观DOM显示出趋化性。每个浮游植物物种不同的DOM组成吸引了系统发育和功能不连续的细菌和古细菌群体，54%的趋化原核生物对仅来自一个或两个浮游植物物种的DOM显示出高度特异的反应。对浮游植物衍生的化合物表现出趋化性的原核生物，在运输和代谢特定的浮游植物衍生的化学物质的能力方面明显富集，并显示出有利于共生关系功能的富集，包括参与生产苷酸、B族维生素和生长促进激素的基因。
这些研究结果表明，天然原核生物群的游泳行为受特定的化学线索支配，这些线索决定了重要的生物地球化学转化过程和生态互动关系的建立，而这些互动关系构成了海洋食物网的基础。
据介绍，浮游海洋微生物主动寻找和利用微观化学热点的能力，已被广泛认为会影响海洋盆地尺度的生物地球化学，但从未在自然微生物群落中进行过全面的实地考察。
附：英文原文
Title: Chemotaxis shapes the microscale organization of the ocean’s microbiome
Author: Raina, Jean-Baptiste, Lambert, Bennett S., Parks, Donovan H., Rinke, Christian, Siboni, Nachshon, Bramucci, Anna, Ostrowski, Martin, Signal, Brandon, Lutz, Adrian, Mendis, Himasha, Rubino, Francesco, Fernandez, Vicente I., Stocker, Roman, Hugenholtz, Philip, Tyson, Gene W., Seymour, Justin R.
Issue&Volume: 2022-04-20
Abstract: The capacity of planktonic marine microorganisms to actively seek out and exploit microscale chemical hotspots has been widely theorized to affect ocean-basin scale biogeochemistry1,2,3, but has never been examined comprehensively in situ among natural microbial communities. Here, using a field-based microfluidic platform to quantify the behavioural responses of marine bacteria and archaea, we observed significant levels of chemotaxis towards microscale hotspots of phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) at a coastal field site across multiple deployments, spanning several months. Microscale metagenomics revealed that a wide diversity of marine prokaryotes, spanning 27 bacterial and 2 archaeal phyla, displayed chemotaxis towards microscale patches of DOM derived from ten globally distributed phytoplankton species. The distinct DOM composition of each phytoplankton species attracted phylogenetically and functionally discrete populations of bacteria and archaea, with 54% of chemotactic prokaryotes displaying highly specific responses to the DOM derived from only one or two phytoplankton species. Prokaryotes exhibiting chemotaxis towards phytoplankton-derived compounds were significantly enriched in the capacity to transport and metabolize specific phytoplankton-derived chemicals, and displayed enrichment in functions conducive to symbiotic relationships, including genes involved in the production of siderophores, B vitamins and growth-promoting hormones. Our findings demonstrate that the swimming behaviour of natural prokaryotic assemblages is governed by specific chemical cues, which dictate important biogeochemical transformation processes and the establishment of ecological interactions that structure the base of the marine food web.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04614-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04614-3
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
