小柯机器人

韩国釜山大学Axel Timmermann等研究人员揭示气候对古人类栖息地和物种演替的影响。该研究于2022年4月13日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员利用前所未有的瞬时更新世耦合一般环流模型模拟，并结合广泛的化石和考古记录汇编，研究了过去200万年中五个人种的时空适宜性。结果表明，温度、降雨量和陆地净初级生产的天文强制变化对这些物种的观察分布有重大影响。在早更新世，人类主要定居在轨道尺度气候变化较弱的环境中。这种行为在更新世中期过渡后发生了重大变化，当时古人类成为适应广泛空间气候梯度的全球漫游者。对大约30-40万年前模拟的人类栖息地重叠的分析进一步表明，南部非洲和欧亚大陆的反相气候破坏促成了海德堡智人种群分别向智人和尼安德特人的演化转变。研究人员对气候引起的栖息地变化进行了强有力的数值模拟，为测试关于人类起源的假说提供了一个框架。

据介绍，长期以来，人们认为过去200万年间的气候变化在智人属的进化中起着关键作用。然而，鉴于人类学感兴趣的地区有代表性的古气候数据集数量有限，要量化这种联系仍然是一个挑战。

附：英文原文

Title: Climate effects on archaic human habitats and species successions

Author: Timmermann, Axel, Yun, Kyung-Sook, Raia, Pasquale, Ruan, Jiaoyang, Mondanaro, Alessandro, Zeller, Elke, Zollikofer, Christoph, Ponce de Len, Marcia, Lemmon, Danielle, Willeit, Matteo, Ganopolski, Andrey

Issue&Volume: 2022-04-13

Abstract: It has long been believed that climate shifts during the last 2 million years had a pivotal role in the evolution of our genus Homo1,2,3. However, given the limited number of representative palaeo-climate datasets from regions of anthropological interest, it has remained challenging to quantify this linkage. Here, we use an unprecedented transient Pleistocene coupled general circulation model simulation in combination with an extensive compilation of fossil and archaeological records to study the spatiotemporal habitat suitability for five hominin species over the past 2 million years. We show that astronomically forced changes in temperature, rainfall and terrestrial net primary production had a major impact on the observed distributions of these species. During the Early Pleistocene, hominins settled primarily in environments with weak orbital-scale climate variability. This behaviour changed substantially after the mid-Pleistocene transition, when archaic humans became global wanderers who adapted to a wide range of spatial climatic gradients. Analysis of the simulated hominin habitat overlap from approximately 300–400 thousand years ago further suggests that antiphased climate disruptions in southern Africa and Eurasia contributed to the evolutionary transformation of Homo heidelbergensis populations into Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, respectively. Our robust numerical simulations of climate-induced habitat changes provide a framework to test hypotheses on our human origin.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04600-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04600-9

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
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