小柯机器人

丹麦国立血清研究所Jesper Larsen等研究人员发现，甲氧西林耐药性的出现早于抗生素的临床使用。这一研究成果于2022年1月5日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员表明，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（一种臭名昭著的人类病原体）的特定菌株在前抗生素时代出现在欧洲刺猬身上。随后，这些菌株在当地刺猬种群中以及刺猬和次级宿主（包括牲畜和人类）之间传播。研究人员还证明，刺猬皮癣菌Trichophyton erinacei产生两种β-内酰胺类抗生素，这提供了一种天然的选择环境，在这种环境中，耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌分离物比易感分离物有优势。

这些结果共同表明，甲氧西林耐药性是在前抗生素时代出现的，并且是金黄色葡萄球菌对皮肤癣菌感染后刺猬体内定植的共同进化适应。野生动物中与临床相关的抗生素耐药性基因的进化以及自然、农业和人类生态系统的连通性表明，使用"One Health"的方法对人们理解和管理抗生素耐药性至关重要，而抗生素耐药性是对全球健康、食品安全和发展的最大威胁之一。

据了解，80多年前，抗生素的发现使人类和动物的健康得到了很大的改善。尽管环境细菌对抗生素的耐药性是古老的，但人类病原体的耐药性被认为是一种现代现象，是由抗生素的临床使用驱动的。

附：英文原文

Title: Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics

Author: Larsen, Jesper, Raisen, Claire L., Ba, Xiaoliang, Sadgrove, Nicholas J., Padilla-Gonzlez, Guillermo F., Simmonds, Monique S. J., Loncaric, Igor, Kerschner, Heidrun, Apfalter, Petra, Hartl, Rainer, Deplano, Ariane, Vandendriessche, Stien, ern Bolfkov, Barbora, Hulva, Pavel, Arendrup, Maiken C., Hare, Rasmus K., Barnadas, Cline, Stegger, Marc, Sieber, Raphael N., Skov, Robert L., Petersen, Andreas, Angen, ystein, Rasmussen, Sophie L., Espinosa-Gongora, Carmen, Aarestrup, Frank M., Lindholm, Laura J., Nyksenoja, Suvi M., Laurent, Frederic, Becker, Karsten, Walther, Birgit, Kehrenberg, Corinna, Cuny, Christiane, Layer, Franziska, Werner, Guido, Witte, Wolfgang, Stamm, Ivonne, Moroni, Paolo, Jrgensen, Hannah J., de Lencastre, Hermnia, Cercenado, Emilia, Garca-Garrote, Fernando, Brjesson, Stefan, Hggman, Sara, Perreten, Vincent, Teale, Christopher J., Waller, Andrew S., Pichon, Bruno, Curran, Martin D., Ellington, Matthew J., Welch, John J., Peacock, Sharon J., Seilly, David J., Morgan, Fiona J. E., Parkhill, Julian, Hadjirin, Nazreen F., Lindsay, Jodi A., Holden, Matthew T. G., Edwards, Giles F., Foster, Geoffrey, Paterson, Gavin K., Didelot, Xavier, Holmes, Mark A., Harrison, Ewan M., Larsen, Anders R.

Issue&Volume: 2022-01-05

Abstract: The discovery of antibiotics more than 80 years ago has led to considerable improvements in human and animal health. Although antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is ancient, resistance in human pathogens is thought to be a modern phenomenon that is driven by the clinical use of antibiotics1. Here we show that particular lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—a notorious human pathogen—appeared in European hedgehogs in the pre-antibiotic era. Subsequently, these lineages spread within the local hedgehog populations and between hedgehogs and secondary hosts, including livestock and humans. We also demonstrate that the hedgehog dermatophyte Trichophyton erinacei produces two β-lactam antibiotics that provide a natural selective environment in which methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates have an advantage over susceptible isolates. Together, these results suggest that methicillin resistance emerged in the pre-antibiotic era as a co-evolutionary adaptation of S. aureus to the colonization of dermatophyte-infected hedgehogs. The evolution of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in wild animals and the connectivity of natural, agricultural and human ecosystems demonstrate that the use of a One Health approach is critical for our understanding and management of antibiotic resistance, which is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security and development.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04265-w

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