小柯机器人

单个人类皮层祖细胞可以产生兴奋性和抑制性神经元
2021-12-19 23:52

近日,美国加州大学旧金山分校Tomasz J. Nowakowski、Ryan N. Delgado等研究人员合作发现,单个人类皮层祖细胞可以产生兴奋性和抑制性神经元。该研究于2021年12月15日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员发现,除了兴奋性神经元和胶质细胞外,人类皮质祖细胞也能够产生具有皮质间神经元的转录特征和形态的GABA能神经元。通过开发一种称为"识别克隆关系的单细胞-RNA测序兼容追踪器"(STICR)的细胞条形码工具,研究人员能够对来自六个标本的1,912个初级人类皮质祖细胞进行克隆系追踪,并捕捉其后代的转录特征和克隆关系。皮质出生的GABA能神经元亚群在转录上与尾部神经节突起的皮质间神经元相似,这些细胞经常与兴奋性神经元和胶质细胞有关。结果显示,单个人类皮质祖细胞可以同时产生兴奋性神经元和皮质间神经元,为理解人类皮质中神经元多样性的起源提供了一个新框架。

据介绍,大脑皮层是一个细胞复杂的结构,包括丰富多样的神经元和胶质细胞类型。皮层神经元可大致分为两类:使用神经递质谷氨酸的兴奋性神经元和使用GABA的抑制性中间神经元。以前对啮齿类动物的发育研究导致了一个普遍的模型,即兴奋性神经元是从位于皮层的祖先中诞生的,而皮层间神经元则是从位于发育中皮层外的神经节末梢的独立祖先群体中诞生的。然而,人类皮质祖细胞的发育潜力还没有被彻底探索。

附:英文原文

Title: Individual human cortical progenitors can produce excitatory and inhibitory neurons

Author: Delgado, Ryan N., Allen, Denise E., Keefe, Matthew G., Mancia Leon, Walter R., Ziffra, Ryan S., Crouch, Elizabeth E., Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo, Nowakowski, Tomasz J.

Issue&Volume: 2021-12-15

Abstract: The cerebral cortex is a cellularly complex structure comprising a rich diversity of neuronal and glial cell types. Cortical neurons can be broadly categorized into two classes—excitatory neurons that use the neurotransmitter glutamate, and inhibitory interneurons that use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous developmental studies in rodents have led to a prevailing model in which excitatory neurons are born from progenitors located in the cortex, whereas cortical interneurons are born from a separate population of progenitors located outside the developing cortex in the ganglionic eminences1,2,3,4,5. However, the developmental potential of human cortical progenitors has not been thoroughly explored. Here we show that, in addition to excitatory neurons and glia, human cortical progenitors are also capable of producing GABAergic neurons with the transcriptional characteristics and morphologies of cortical interneurons. By developing a cellular barcoding tool called ‘single-cell-RNA-sequencing-compatible tracer for identifying clonal relationships’ (STICR), we were able to carry out clonal lineage tracing of 1,912 primary human cortical progenitors from six specimens, and to capture both the transcriptional identities and the clonal relationships of their progeny. A subpopulation of cortically born GABAergic neurons was transcriptionally similar to cortical interneurons born from the caudal ganglionic eminence, and these cells were frequently related to excitatory neurons and glia. Our results show that individual human cortical progenitors can generate both excitatory neurons and cortical interneurons, providing a new framework for understanding the origins of neuronal diversity in the human cortex.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04230-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04230-7

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

分享到:

0