小柯机器人

美国西北大学Gregory A. Smith课题组发现，疱疹病毒同化驱动蛋白来产生机动的病毒颗粒。这一研究成果于2021年11月17日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员以I型单纯疱疹病毒和伪狂犬病病毒作为α-疱疹病毒的模型，表明细胞的驱动蛋白马达被上皮细胞中的病毒捕获，在细胞间携带，随后在神经元中被用来运输到细胞核。在没有驱动蛋白的情况下组装的病毒不具有神经侵入性。这些发现解释了α-疱疹病毒神经侵袭机制的一个关键组成部分，并证明这些病毒同化了一种细胞蛋白作为基本的前病毒结构成分。这一病毒同化原理可能被证明与其他病毒家族有关，并提供了抗感染的新策略。

据介绍，神经性α-疱疹病毒在暴露的粘膜组织中开始感染，与大多数病毒不同的是，它能迅速传播到感觉和自主神经，并在那里建立终身的潜伏期。在宿主的一生中，外周神经系统会出现零星的反复感染，而且可能会入侵中枢神经系统，造成严重后果。这些病毒直接招募细胞马达，沿着神经轴突的微管运输，但如何操纵马达将病毒送到神经元核，目前还不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Herpesviruses assimilate kinesin to produce motorized viral particles

Author: Pegg, Caitlin E., Zaichick, Sofia V., Bomba-Warczak, Ewa, Jovasevic, Vladimir, Kim, DongHo, Kharkwal, Himanshu, Wilson, Duncan W., Walsh, Derek, Sollars, Patricia J., Pickard, Gary E., Savas, Jeffrey N., Smith, Gregory A.

Issue&Volume: 2021-11-17

Abstract: Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses initiate infection in exposed mucosal tissues and, unlike most viruses, spread rapidly to sensory and autonomic nerves where life-long latency is established1. Recurrent infections arise sporadically from the peripheral nervous system throughout the life of the host, and invasion of the central nervous system may occur, with severe outcomes2. These viruses directly recruit cellular motors for transport along microtubules in nerve axons, but how the motors are manipulated to deliver the virus to neuronal nuclei is not understood. Here, using herpes simplex virus type I and pseudorabies virus as model alphaherpesviruses, we show that a cellular kinesin motor is captured by virions in epithelial cells, carried between cells, and subsequently used in neurons to traffic to nuclei. Viruses assembled in the absence of kinesin are not neuroinvasive. The findings explain a critical component of the alphaherpesvirus neuroinvasive mechanism and demonstrate that these viruses assimilate a cellular protein as an essential proviral structural component. This principle of viral assimilation may prove relevant to other virus families and offers new strategies to combat infection. Herpes simplex virus type I and pseudorabies virus assimilate kinesin from host epithelial cells and repurpose the motor to traffic to the nuclei of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04106-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04106-w

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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