沙特阿拉伯阿卜杜拉国王科技大学Brande B. H. Wulff小组宣布他们通过对节节麦（Aegilops tauschii） 种群基因组分析确定了面包小麦改良的靶标。相关论文于2021年11月1日发表于国际学术期刊《自然-生物技术》杂志。
在本研究中，研究人员对242种节节麦基因组进行了测序并将它们与小麦D亚型基因组进行比较以表征基因组多样性。研究发现了一个罕见的节节麦谱系，其分布仅限于今天的格鲁吉亚地区，在独立杂交中对小麦D亚基因组产生重大影响，从而产生了现代面包小麦。
通过基于k-mer的关联作图，研究人员确定了具有抗病虫害候选基因的离散基因组区域，并证明了它们通过转基因和广泛杂交将功能转移到小麦中，包括生成包含多种节节麦的六倍体文库。利用节节麦祖先二倍体基因组的基因多样性，可以在适合育种的六倍体文库中进行快速性状发现和功能遗传验证。
据了解，节节麦是面包小麦D亚型基因组的二倍体野生祖先，是改善面包小麦性能和环境适应力的遗传多样性库。
附：英文原文
Title: Population genomic analysis of Aegilops tauschii identifies targets for bread wheat improvement
Author: Gaurav, Kumar, Arora, Sanu, Silva, Paula, Snchez-Martn, Javier, Horsnell, Richard, Gao, Liangliang, Brar, Gurcharn S., Widrig, Victoria, John Raupp, W., Singh, Narinder, Wu, Shuangye, Kale, Sandip M., Chinoy, Catherine, Nicholson, Paul, Quiroz-Chvez, Jess, Simmonds, James, Hayta, Sadiye, Smedley, Mark A., Harwood, Wendy, Pearce, Suzannah, Gilbert, David, Kangara, Ngonidzashe, Gardener, Catherine, Forner-Martnez, Macarena, Liu, Jiaqian, Yu, Guotai, Boden, Scott A., Pascucci, Attilio, Ghosh, Sreya, Hafeez, Amber N., OHara, Tom, Waites, Joshua, Cheema, Jitender, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Patpour, Mehran, Justesen, Annemarie Fejer, Liu, Shuyu, Rudd, Jackie C., Avni, Raz, Sharon, Amir, Steiner, Barbara, Kirana, Rizky Pasthika, Buerstmayr, Hermann, Mehrabi, Ali A., Nasyrova, Firuza Y., Chayut, Noam, Matny, Oadi, Steffenson, Brian J., Sandhu, Nitika, Chhuneja, Parveen, Lagudah, Evans, Elkot, Ahmed F., Tyrrell, Simon, Bian, Xingdong, Davey, Robert P., Simonsen, Martin, Schauser, Leif, Tiwari, Vijay K., Randy Kutcher, H., Hucl, Pierre, Li, Aili, Liu, Deng-Cai, Mao, Long, Xu, Steven, Brown-Guedira, Gina, Faris, Justin, Dvorak, Jan, Luo, Ming-Cheng, Krasileva, Ksenia, Lux, Thomas, Artmeier, Susanne
Issue&Volume: 2021-11-01
Abstract: Aegilops tauschii, the diploid wild progenitor of the D subgenome of bread wheat, is a reservoir of genetic diversity for improving bread wheat performance and environmental resilience. Here we sequenced 242 Ae. tauschii accessions and compared them to the wheat D subgenome to characterize genomic diversity. We found that a rare lineage of Ae. tauschii geographically restricted to present-day Georgia contributed to the wheat D subgenome in the independent hybridizations that gave rise to modern bread wheat. Through k-mer-based association mapping, we identified discrete genomic regions with candidate genes for disease and pest resistance and demonstrated their functional transfer into wheat by transgenesis and wide crossing, including the generation of a library of hexaploids incorporating diverse Ae. tauschii genomes. Exploiting the genomic diversity of the Ae. tauschii ancestral diploid genome permits rapid trait discovery and functional genetic validation in a hexaploid background amenable to breeding.
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01058-4
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-021-01058-4
Nature Biotechnology：《自然—生物技术》，创刊于1996年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：68.164
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/nbt/
投稿链接：https://mts-nbt.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex
本期文章：《自然—生物技术》：Online/在线发表
