小柯机器人

吉林大学崔银秋等研究人员合作揭示青铜器时代塔里木盆地木乃伊的基因组起源。相关论文于2021年10月27日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员展示了来自准噶尔盆地的5名个体和来自塔里木盆地的13名个体的基因组数据，它们分别代表了目前在新疆北部和南部发现的最早的人类遗迹。研究人员发现，青铜时代早期的准噶尔人表现出主要是阿凡纳谢沃人的祖先，另外还有当地人的贡献，而青铜时代早期和中期的塔里木人只包含当地人的祖先。来自小河遗址的塔里木个体在他们的牙齿结石中进一步表现出强烈的牛奶蛋白证据，表明该遗址自建立以来一直依赖乳品畜牧业。

这些结果不支持以前关于塔里木乃伊起源的假设，他们被认为是原托卡利亚语的牧民，是阿凡纳谢沃人的后裔，或者起源于巴克特里亚-马尔基亚纳考古群或内陆亚洲山地走廊文化。相反，尽管托卡利亚语可能是在青铜时代早期由阿凡纳谢沃移民引入宗加里亚盆地的，但研究人员发现最早的塔里木盆地文化似乎是由遗传上孤立的当地人口产生的，他们采用了邻近的牧民和农民的做法，这使他们能够在塔克拉玛干沙漠不断变化的河边绿洲上定居和繁衍。

据介绍，位于内陆亚洲中心地带的新疆最早居民的身份以及他们所使用的语言长期以来一直存在争议，并且仍有争论。

附：英文原文

Title: The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies

Author: Zhang, Fan, Ning, Chao, Scott, Ashley, Fu, Qiaomei, Bjrn, Rasmus, Li, Wenying, Wei, Dong, Wang, Wenjun, Fan, Linyuan, Abuduresule, Idilisi, Hu, Xingjun, Ruan, Qiurong, Niyazi, Alipujiang, Dong, Guanghui, Cao, Peng, Liu, Feng, Dai, Qingyan, Feng, Xiaotian, Yang, Ruowei, Tang, Zihua, Ma, Pengcheng, Li, Chunxiang, Gao, Shizhu, Xu, Yang, Wu, Sihao, Wen, Shaoqing, Zhu, Hong, Zhou, Hui, Robbeets, Martine, Kumar, Vikas, Krause, Johannes, Warinner, Christina, Jeong, Choongwon, Cui, Yinqiu

Issue&Volume: 2021-10-27

Abstract: The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800BC from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700BC from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo1,2 or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex3 or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures4. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04052-7

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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