小柯机器人

葡萄牙里斯本大学Henrique Veiga-Fernandes团队发现，神经-间质单元通过脑-脂肪细胞回路调控肥胖。该研究于2021年8月18日在线发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》。

研究人员描述了一个神经-间质单元，它通过脑-脂肪回路调控第2组先天性淋巴细胞（ILC2）、脂肪组织生理学、代谢和肥胖。研究人员发现，交感神经末梢通过β2-肾上腺素受体作用于邻近的脂肪间质细胞，控制胶质神经营养因子（GDNF）的表达和性腺脂肪中ILC2的活性。因此，ILC2自主操纵GDNF受体机制导致ILC2功能、能量消耗、胰岛素抵抗和肥胖倾向的改变。逆行追踪以及化学、手术和化学遗传学操作确定了一个交感神经主动脉回路，该回路调节性腺脂肪中的ILC2，并与高阶脑区相连，包括下丘脑室旁核。这些结果确定了一个神经-间质单位，它将来自长距离神经回路的线索转化为脂肪驻留的ILC2功能，从而塑造了宿主的代谢和肥胖。

据悉，来自交感神经元和免疫细胞的信号调节脂肪细胞，从而促进了脂肪组织生物学。最近，神经和免疫系统之间的相互作用已成为宿主防御和炎症的重要调节因素。然而，目前还不清楚神经元和免疫细胞是否在脑-体轴中合作来协调代谢和肥胖。

附：英文原文

Title: Neuro-mesenchymal units control ILC2 and obesity via a brain–adipose circuit

Author: Cardoso, Filipa, Klein Wolterink, Roel G. J., Godinho-Silva, Cristina, Domingues, Rita G., Ribeiro, Hlder, da Silva, Joaquim Alves, Mah, Ins, Domingos, Ana I., Veiga-Fernandes, Henrique

Issue&Volume: 2021-08-18

Abstract: Signals from sympathetic neurons and immune cells regulate adipocytes and thereby contribute to fat tissue biology. Interactions between the nervous and immune systems have recently emerged as important regulators of host defence and inflammation1,2,3,4. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether neuronal and immune cells co-operate in brain–body axes to orchestrate metabolism and obesity. Here we describe a neuro-mesenchymal unit that controls group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), adipose tissue physiology, metabolism and obesity via a brain–adipose circuit. We found that sympathetic nerve terminals act on neighbouring adipose mesenchymal cells via the β2-adrenergic receptor to control the expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and the activity of ILC2s in gonadal fat. Accordingly, ILC2-autonomous manipulation of the GDNF receptor machinery led to alterations in ILC2 function, energy expenditure, insulin resistance and propensity to obesity. Retrograde tracing and chemical, surgical and chemogenetic manipulations identified a sympathetic aorticorenal circuit that modulates ILC2s in gonadal fat and connects to higher-order brain areas, including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Our results identify a neuro-mesenchymal unit that translates cues from long-range neuronal circuitry into adipose-resident ILC2 function, thereby shaping host metabolism and obesity.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03830-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03830-7

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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