美国斯隆·凯特琳纪念癌症中心Joao B. Xavier、Jonas Schluter小组的论文发现了肠道菌群与人类免疫细胞动力学有关。2020年11月25日，国际学术期刊《自然》在线发表了这一成果。
研究人员随访了数百名住院且受到密切监护的癌症患者，他们从化疗和干细胞移植恢复后都接受了造血细胞移植。这种治疗方法会引起循环免疫细胞和微生物群的巨大改变，从而可以同时研究两者之间的关系。分析循环中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞计数以及超过10,000个纵向微生物群样品的每日变化，研究揭示了肠道细菌与免疫细胞动力学之间的一致性。高分辨率的临床元数据和贝叶斯推论使科研人员能够比较细菌属与免疫调节药物的作用，并揭示肠道微生物群（随时间推移）对全身免疫细胞动力学的重大影响。该研究建立并量化了肠道菌群与人类免疫系统之间的联系，并暗示了菌群驱动免疫调节。
据悉，肠道菌群影响哺乳动物免疫系统的发育和体内平衡，并与人类炎症和免疫疾病以及对免疫疗法的反应有关。然而，当前对肠道细菌如何调节免疫系统的理解仍然有限，特别是在人体中，直接试验的难度使推理变得困难。
附：英文原文
Title: The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans
Author: Jonas Schluter, Jonathan U. Peled, Bradford P. Taylor, Kate A. Markey, Melody Smith, Ying Taur, Rene Niehus, Anna Staffas, Anqi Dai, Emily Fontana, Luigi A. Amoretti, Roberta J. Wright, Sejal Morjaria, Maly Fenelus, Melissa S. Pessin, Nelson J. Chao, Meagan Lew, Lauren Bohannon, Amy Bush, Anthony D. Sung, Tobias M. Hohl, Miguel-Angel Perales, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Joao B. Xavier
Issue&Volume: 2020-11-25
Abstract: The gut microbiota influences development1,2,3 and homeostasis4,5,6,7 of the mammalian immune system, and is associated with human inflammatory8 and immune diseases9,10 as well as responses to immunotherapy11,12,13,14. Nevertheless, our understanding of how gut bacteria modulate the immune system remains limited, particularly in humans, where the difficulty of direct experimentation makes inference challenging. Here we study hundreds of hospitalized—and closely monitored—patients with cancer receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation as they recover from chemotherapy and stem-cell engraftment. This aggressive treatment causes large shifts in both circulatory immune cell and microbiota populations, enabling the relationships between the two to be studied simultaneously. Analysis of observed daily changes in circulating neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts and more than 10,000 longitudinal microbiota samples revealed consistent associations between gut bacteria and immune cell dynamics. High-resolution clinical metadata and Bayesian inference allowed us to compare the effects of bacterial genera in relation to those of immunomodulatory medications, revealing a considerable influence of the gut microbiota—together and over time—on systemic immune cell dynamics. Our analysis establishes and quantifies the link between the gut microbiota and the human immune system, with implications for microbiota-driven modulation of immunity.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2971-8
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
