德国海德堡大学分子生物学中心（ZMBH）Henrik Kaessmann和Evgeny Leushkin研究组合作取得一项新突破。他们揭示哺乳动物中的转录组和翻译组共同进化。这一研究成果于2020年11月11日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志上。
他们报告了使用5种哺乳动物（人、猕猴、小鼠、负鼠和鸭嘴兽）和一种鸟类（鸡）的三个器官（大脑、肝脏和睾丸）的三个器官（大脑，肝脏和睾丸）的核糖体谱分析和匹配的RNA测序数据，分析了翻译组和转录组的共同进化。他们的种内分析表明，翻译调节在不同器官中广泛存在，尤其是在睾丸的生精细胞类型中。基因表达的种间差异在翻译组比转录组低约20％，这是由于表达层之间的广泛缓冲，特别是保留了旧的、必需的和管家基因。翻译上调极大平衡了性染色体进化过程中的总体剂量减少和精子发生过程中减数分裂性染色体失活的影响。
尽管总体上有缓冲作用，但某些基因在跨翻译组上进化得更快，这可能表明表达的适应性改变。睾丸组织显示出此类基因的最高部分。结合质谱蛋白质组学数据的进一步分析表明，转录组和翻译组的共同进化反映在蛋白质组层。总之，他们的工作揭示了表达组之间的共进化模式和相关选择力，并提供了一种了解它们在哺乳动物器官中相互作用的资源。
据介绍，基因表达程序定义了共享的和物种特有的表型，但是它们的进化在转录组之外仍未得到充分表征。
附：英文原文
Title: Transcriptome and translatome co-evolution in mammals
Author: Zhong-Yi Wang, Evgeny Leushkin, Anglica Liechti, Svetlana Ovchinnikova, Katharina Minger, Thoomke Brning, Coralie Rummel, Frank Grtzner, Margarida Cardoso-Moreira, Peggy Janich, David Gatfield, Boubou Diagouraga, Bernard de Massy, Mark E. Gill, Antoine H. F. M. Peters, Simon Anders, Henrik Kaessmann
Issue&Volume: 2020-11-11
Abstract: Gene-expression programs define shared and species-specific phenotypes, but their evolution remains largely uncharacterized beyond the transcriptome layer1. Here we report an analysis of the co-evolution of translatomes and transcriptomes using ribosome-profiling and matched RNA-sequencing data for three organs (brain, liver and testis) in five mammals (human, macaque, mouse, opossum and platypus) and a bird (chicken). Our within-species analyses reveal that translational regulation is widespread in the different organs, in particular across the spermatogenic cell types of the testis. The between-species divergence in gene expression is around 20% lower at the translatome layer than at the transcriptome layer owing to extensive buffering between the expression layers, which especially preserved old, essential and housekeeping genes. Translational upregulation specifically counterbalanced global dosage reductions during the evolution of sex chromosomes and the effects of meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation during spermatogenesis. Despite the overall prevalence of buffering, some genes evolved faster at the translatome layer—potentially indicating adaptive changes in expression; testis tissue shows the highest fraction of such genes. Further analyses incorporating mass spectrometry proteomics data establish that the co-evolution of transcriptomes and translatomes is reflected at the proteome layer. Together, our work uncovers co-evolutionary patterns and associated selective forces across the expression layers, and provides a resource for understanding their interplay in mammalian organs. An analysis using ribosome-profiling and matched RNA-sequencing data for three organs across five mammalian species and a bird enables the comparison of translatomes and transcriptomes, revealing patterns of co-evolution of these two expression layers.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2899-z
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2899-z
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
