小柯机器人

美国加州理工大学Clinton D. Francis研究组宣布他们发现了感官污染物改变了陆地鸟类的物候和适应性。该项研究成果在线发表在2020年11月11日出版的《自然》上。

研究人员利用大规模的科学数据集和来自美国各地高分辨率噪声和光照数据的集合，评估了噪声、光照等刺激如何影响142种鸟类的繁殖成功率。研究发现了对功能性状和物种栖息地相关两种感觉污染物都有反应的物种。例如，在密闭环境中，整体筑巢成功率与鸟类间噪音呈负相关。发声频率、筑巢地点和饮食因素可以解释在暴露于噪声时特定物种在繁殖时间和孵化成功率方面的变化。

此外，物种眼睛聚光能力的增强与光照情况下生殖时间的延长有关，这可能造成物候失配。出乎意料的是在光照情下，聚光能力的增强与交配失败降低和增加整体巢式成功率有关，这引发了有关动物对感官污染物的反应如何抵消或加剧其对全球其他方面变化（例如气候变暖）的反应。这些发现表明，人为噪声和光污染极大地影响了种禽的物候和适应度；研究人员强调必须将感官污染物与传统环境因素一起考量，而传统环境因素通常会影响生物多样性保护。

据悉，人为噪声和夜间照明在陆地上的扩展越来越引起人们对动物保护的关注。尽管从单一物种和地方规模的研究中人们逐渐认识到这些刺激对动物生理和行为反应的影响，但是尚不清楚这些污染物是否影响动物健康，因为不同物种对这些人类应激源的敏感性有所不同。

附：英文原文

Title: Sensory pollutants alter bird phenology and fitness across a continent

Author: Masayuki Senzaki, Jesse R. Barber, Jennifer N. Phillips, Neil H. Carter, Caren B. Cooper, Mark A. Ditmer, Kurt M. Fristrup, Christopher J. W. McClure, Daniel J. Mennitt, Luke P. Tyrrell, Jelena Vukomanovic, Ashley A. Wilson, Clinton D. Francis

Issue&Volume: 2020-11-11

Abstract: Expansion of anthropogenic noise and night lighting across our planet1,2 is of increasing conservation concern3,4,5,6. Despite growing knowledge of physiological and behavioural responses to these stimuli from single-species and local-scale studies, whether these pollutants affect fitness is less clear, as is how and why species vary in their sensitivity to these anthropic stressors. Here we leverage a large citizen science dataset paired with high-resolution noise and light data from across the contiguous United States to assess how these stimuli affect reproductive success in 142 bird species. We find responses to both sensory pollutants linked to the functional traits and habitat affiliations of species. For example, overall nest success was negatively correlated with noise among birds in closed environments. Species-specific changes in reproductive timing and hatching success in response to noise exposure were explained by vocalization frequency, nesting location and diet. Additionally, increased light-gathering ability of species’ eyes was associated with stronger advancements in reproductive timing in response to light exposure, potentially creating phenological mismatches7. Unexpectedly, better light-gathering ability was linked to reduced clutch failure and increased overall nest success in response to light exposure, raising important questions about how responses to sensory pollutants counteract or exacerbate responses to other aspects of global change, such as climate warming. These findings demonstrate that anthropogenic noise and light can substantially affect breeding bird phenology and fitness, and underscore the need to consider sensory pollutants alongside traditional dimensions of the environment that typically inform biodiversity conservation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2903-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2903-7

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html