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科学家绘制出地球微生物组的基因组图谱
2020-11-10 22:33
来源：小柯机器人

美国能源部联合基因组研究所Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh小组绘制出地球微生物组的基因组图谱。该项研究成果于2020年11月9日在线发表在《自然—生物技术》杂志上。

据研究人员介绍，从霰弹枪法元基因组中重建的细菌和古细菌基因组使人们对生态学以及与环境和宿主相关微生物群落的进化有了深入的了解。
 
研究人员将这种方法应用于从地球各大洲和海洋不同栖息地收集的10,000多个基因组，包括来自人和动物宿主、工程环境以及天然和农业土壤的基因组，从而获得了现有微生物的、代谢的以及功能性的潜在资源。
 
该综合目录包括52,515个由元基因组组装的基因组，它们代表了跨越135个门的12,556个新的候选物种分类单位。该目录将已知细菌和古细菌的系统发育多样性扩展了44％，可广泛用于简化的比较分析、交互式探索、代谢建模和批量下载。
 
研究人员展示了此集合的实用性，可用于了解次级代谢物的生物合成潜力以及解析大量与无法培养型病毒的宿主联系。该资源强调了以基因组为中心的方法在揭示影响生态系统的无法培养型微生物的基因组特质方面的价值。
 
附：英文原文
 
Title: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

Author: Stephen Nayfach, Simon Roux, Rekha Seshadri, Daniel Udwary, Neha Varghese, Frederik Schulz, Dongying Wu, David Paez-Espino, I-Min Chen, Marcel Huntemann, Krishna Palaniappan, Joshua Ladau, Supratim Mukherjee, T. B. K. Reddy, Torben Nielsen, Edward Kirton, Jos P. Faria, Janaka N. Edirisinghe, Christopher S. Henry, Sean P. Jungbluth, Dylan Chivian, Paramvir Dehal, Elisha M. Wood-Charlson, Adam P. Arkin, Susannah G. Tringe, Axel Visel, Tanja Woyke, Nigel J. Mouncey, Natalia N. Ivanova, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Emiley A. Eloe-Fadrosh

Issue&Volume: 2020-11-09

Abstract: The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes.

DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0718-6

Nature Biotechnology：《自然—生物技术》，创刊于1996年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：68.164
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/nbt/
投稿链接：https://mts-nbt.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex


本期文章：《自然—生物技术》：Online/在线发表

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