小柯机器人

美国先正达植物保护公司Tim Kelliher、Jian Lv等研究人员合作，利用着丝粒组蛋白CENH3的基因组编辑在小麦中产生父本单倍体。相关论文于2020年11月9日在线发表于《自然—生物技术》。

研究人员介绍，新的育种技术加速了种质改良，并降低了种子生产中的商品成本。许多此类技术可以使用体内父本单倍体诱导（HI），这是在母本（卵细胞）基因组丢失之前进行双重受精时发生的。必需基因CENH3（CENTROMERIC HISTONE）的工程化能够诱导拟南芥中的父本HI。尽管在所有农作物中都保留了CENH3的功能，但在拟南芥模型系统之外，基于CENH3的HI尚未成功。

Title: Generation of paternal haploids in wheat by genome editing of the centromeric histone CENH3

Author: Jian Lv, Kun Yu, Juan Wei, Huaping Gui, Chunxia Liu, Dawei Liang, Yanli Wang, Hongju Zhou, Ryan Carlin, Randy Rich, Tiancong Lu, Qiudeng Que, Wen Chung Wang, Xingping Zhang, Tim Kelliher

Issue&Volume: 2020-11-09

Abstract: New breeding technologies accelerate germplasm improvement and reduce the cost of goods in seed production1,2,3. Many such technologies could use in vivo paternal haploid induction (HI), which occurs when double fertilization precedes maternal (egg cell) genome loss. Engineering of the essential CENTROMERIC HISTONE (CENH3) gene induces paternal HI in Arabidopsis4,5,6. Despite conservation of CENH3 function across crops, CENH3-based HI has not been successful outside of the Arabidopsis model system7. Here we report a commercially operable paternal HI line in wheat with a ~7% HI rate, identified by screening genome-edited TaCENH3α-heteroallelic combinations. Unlike in Arabidopsis, edited alleles exhibited reduced transmission in female gametophytes, and heterozygous genotypes triggered higher HI rates than homozygous combinations. These developments might pave the way for the deployment of CENH3 HI technology in diverse crops.

DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0728-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0728-4

Nature Biotechnology：《自然—生物技术》，创刊于1996年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：68.164
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