小柯机器人

美国唐纳德·丹佛斯植物科学中心Elizabeth A. Kellogg团队在研究中取得进展。他们从狗尾草的基因组中发现了具有农业价值的基因座。该项研究成果发表在2020年10月5日的《自然—生物技术》上。

研究人员提供了野生植物狗尾草（狗尾草Setaria viridis）（一种用于研究C₄草的模型物种）的基因组资源，并使用该资源探究了其近缘农作物谷子（Setaria italica）的驯化基因。

研究人员提供了野生S. viridis的高质量组装基因组并提供了598个野生物种的从头组装基因组，利用这些装配体识别了以下三个性状的基因座：对气候的响应、“破碎丢失”性状（允许机械收割和叶片倾角）、许多农作物产量的预测指标。

通过CRISPR–Cas9基因组编辑，研究人员验证了Less Shattering1（SvLes1）是调控种子破碎的基因。在谷子中，该基因通过在驯化的粉碎丢失等位基因SiLes1-TE（转座因子）中插入反转录转座子而失去功能。

该资源将增强狗尾草在复杂性状分类中的应用以及改良黍型作物生物技术方面的效用。

附：英文原文

Title: A genome resource for green millet Setaria viridis enables discovery of agronomically valuable loci

Author: Sujan Mamidi, Adam Healey, Pu Huang, Jane Grimwood, Jerry Jenkins, Kerrie Barry, Avinash Sreedasyam, Shengqiang Shu, John T. Lovell, Maximilian Feldman, Jinxia Wu, Yunqing Yu, Cindy Chen, Jenifer Johnson, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Takatoshi Kiba, Tetsuya Sakurai, Rachel Tavares, Dmitri A. Nusinow, Ivan Baxter, Jeremy Schmutz, Thomas P. Brutnell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg

Issue&Volume: 2020-10-05

Abstract: Wild and weedy relatives of domesticated crops harbor genetic variants that can advance agricultural biotechnology. Here we provide a genome resource for the wild plant green millet (Setaria viridis), a model species for studies of C4 grasses, and use the resource to probe domestication genes in the close crop relative foxtail millet (Setaria italica). We produced a platinum-quality genome assembly of S. viridis and de novo assemblies for 598 wild accessions and exploited these assemblies to identify loci underlying three traits: response to climate, a ‘loss of shattering’ trait that permits mechanical harvest and leaf angle, a predictor of yield in many grass crops. With CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing, we validated Less Shattering1 (SvLes1) as a gene whose product controls seed shattering. In S. italica, this gene was rendered nonfunctional by a retrotransposon insertion in the domesticated loss-of-shattering allele SiLes1-TE (transposable element). This resource will enhance the utility of S. viridis for dissection of complex traits and biotechnological improvement of panicoid crops. Sequencing wild relatives of millet identifies genes that regulate yield and harvesting traits.

DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0681-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0681-2

Nature Biotechnology：《自然—生物技术》，创刊于1996年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：68.164
官方网址：https://www.nature.com/nbt/
投稿链接：https://mts-nbt.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex