丹麦哥本哈根大学Wiesaw Bogdanowicz研究团队在研究中取得进展。他们揭示了维京时期人口基因组学。相关论文在线发表在2020年9月16日出版的《自然》杂志上。
研究人员对来自欧洲和格陵兰岛考古遗址的442个斯堪的纳维亚人的基因组进行了测序（平均深度约为1倍），以了解这种扩张的全球的影响。研究人员发现维京时期存在基因从南部和东部流入斯堪的纳维亚半岛的现象。研究人员观察到斯堪的纳维亚半岛内的遗传结构，南部有多样性热点，斯堪的纳维亚半岛内的基因流受到限制。
研究发现丹麦人大量涌入英国、瑞典人涌入波罗的海、挪威人涌入爱尔兰、冰岛和格陵兰的证据。此外，在维京时代，研究人员发现欧洲其他地方有大量人种进入斯堪的纳维亚半岛。对古代DNA的分析还显示，维京探险队包括近亲人员。通过与现代人群进行比较，研究发现在过去的千年中，色素沉着相关基因座经历了剧烈的群体分化，并在其中追踪了阳性选择的基因座，包括LCT乳糖酶持久性等位基因和与免疫反应相关ANKA的等位基因。
该研究得出的结论是，维京人散居地的特征跨大量区域，不同人口影响了欧洲不同地区的基因组组成，而斯堪的纳维亚半岛与欧洲大陆其他地区的联系最为密切。
据了解，在维京时代（大约公元750-1050年），斯堪的纳维亚人口在海上的扩张对世界历史产生了重要影响。
附：英文原文
Title: Population genomics of the Viking world
Author: Ashot Margaryan, Daniel J. Lawson, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Simon Rasmussen, Ida Moltke, Lara M. Cassidy, Emil Jrsboe, Andrs Ingason, Mikkel W. Pedersen, Thorfinn Korneliussen, Helene Wilhelmson, Magdalena M. Bu, Peter de Barros Damgaard, Rui Martiniano, Gabriel Renaud, Claude Bhrer, J. Vctor Moreno-Mayar, Anna K. Fotakis, Marie Allen, Raili Allme, Martyna Molak, Enrico Cappellini, Gabriele Scorrano, Hugh McColl, Alexandra Buzhilova, Allison Fox, Anders Albrechtsen, Berit Schtz, Birgitte Skar, Caroline Arcini, Ceri Falys, Charlotte Hedenstierna Jonson, Dariusz Baszczyk, Denis Pezhemsky, Gordon Turner-Walker, Hildur Gestsdttir, Inge Lundstrm, Ingrid Gustin, Ingrid Mainland, Inna Potekhina, Italo M. Muntoni, Jade Cheng, Jesper Stenderup, Jilong Ma, Julie Gibson, Jri Peets, Jrgen Gustafsson, Katrine H. Iversen, Linzi Simpson, Lisa Strand, Louise Loe, Maeve Sikora, Marek Florek, Maria Vretemark, Mark Redknap, Monika Bajka, Tamara Pushkina, Morten Svs, Natalia Grigoreva, Tom Christensen, Ole Kastholm, Otto Uldum, Pasquale Favia, Per Holck, Sabine Sten, Smun V. Arge, Sturla Ellingvg, Vayacheslav Moiseyev, Wiesaw Bogdanowicz
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-16
Abstract: The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2688-8
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
