小柯机器人

美国马里兰大学Evan C. Fricke等研究人员发现全球植物-食果动物网络正在加速均质化。相关论文于2020年9月2日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员表示，人类对物种的引入导致不同生物地理屏??障的物种组成均质化。外来物种的生态和进化后果源于它们对物种相互作用网络的影响，但人们对外来物种对全球生态网络及其生物地理格局的影响缺乏定量了解。

研究人员通过分析来自410个本地网络的互利种子扩散相互影响来解决了这一数据差距，其中包括1,631种动物和3,208种植物之间的24,455个独特的成对相互作用。研究人员表明，物种引进减少了全球元网络的生物地理区划，其中节点是物种，链接是在任何本地网络中观察到的相互作用。这种均质化效果扩展到整个空间尺度，从而降低了本地网络之间的β多样性以及网络内部的模块化。引入的交互作用与人类环境的改变直接相关，并且正在加速发展，在过去的75年中增长了七倍。

这些动力学改变了共生生物所经历的共同进化环境，并且研究人员发现引入物种与其他引入物种不成比例地相互作用。这些过程可能会放大未来生态系统中的生物同质化，并可能通过允许扰动更快地传播并使不同的生态系统暴露于相似的驱动因素而降低生态系统的弹性。这些结果强调了管理日益均质化生态复杂性的重要性。

附：英文原文

Title: Accelerating homogenization of the global plant–frugivore meta-network

Author: Evan C. Fricke, Jens-Christian Svenning

Issue&Volume: 2020-09-02

Abstract: Introductions of species by humans are causing the homogenization of species composition across biogeographic barriers1,2,3. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of introduced species derive from their effects on networks of species interactions4,5, but we lack a quantitative understanding of the impacts of introduced species on ecological networks and their biogeographic patterns globally. Here we address this data gap by analysing mutualistic seed-dispersal interactions from 410 local networks, encompassing 24,455 unique pairwise interactions between 1,631 animal and 3,208 plant species. We show that species introductions reduce biogeographic compartmentalization of the global meta-network, in which nodes are species and links are interactions observed within any local network. This homogenizing effect extends across spatial scales, decreasing beta diversity among local networks and modularity within networks. The prevalence of introduced interactions is directly related to human environmental modifications and is accelerating, having increased sevenfold over the past 75 years. These dynamics alter the coevolutionary environments that mutualists experience6, and we find that introduced species disproportionately interact with other introduced species. These processes are likely to amplify biotic homogenization in future ecosystems7 and may reduce the resilience of ecosystems by allowing perturbations to propagate more quickly and exposing disparate ecosystems to similar drivers. Our results highlight the importance of managing the increasing homogenization of ecological complexity.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2640-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2640-y

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html