小柯机器人

德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所Jean-Jacques Hublin研究团队，发现了来源于上旧石器时代保加利亚Bacho Kiro 洞穴的智人。相关论文在线发表在2020年5月11日的《自然》。

研究人员报道了从Bacho Kiro 洞穴（保加利亚）中发掘的处于上旧石器时代人类遗骸的发现和直接定年。通过几个人骨碎片，研究人员对牙齿和线粒体DNA进行形态学分析；通过蛋白质组学筛选研究人员将这些发现归给智人，并将4.5万年前，上旧石器时代最初技术的扩展与智人传播到欧亚大陆中纬度之前相连。

该洞穴挖掘出了大量的骨制品，包括用洞熊牙齿制成的吊坠，这让人联想到西欧最后一位尼安德特人。这些发现与基于多个智人进入欧洲导致尼安德特人数量下降的模型相一致。

据了解，在中旧石器时代到上旧石器时代过渡期，欧洲经历了由非洲裔智人取代并部分吸收当地尼安德特人的过程。但是，此过程可能会因地区而异，并且其细节仍然未知。特别是，这两个人种之间在时间顺序重叠的持续时间受到了广泛的争论，这种重叠对尼安德特人和智人之间生物学和文化之间的相互作用性质产生了影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria

Author: Jean-Jacques Hublin, Nikolay Sirakov, Vera Aldeias, Shara Bailey, Edouard Bard, Vincent Delvigne, Elena Endarova, Yoann Fagault, Helen Fewlass, Mateja Hajdinjak, Bernd Kromer, Ivaylo Krumov, Joo Marreiros, Naomi L. Martisius, Lindsey Paskulin, Virginie Sinet-Mathiot, Matthias Meyer, Svante Pbo, Vasil Popov, Zeljko Rezek, Svoboda Sirakova, Matthew M. Skinner, Geoff M. Smith, Rosen Spasov, Sahra Talamo, Thibaut Tuna, Lukas Wacker, Frido Welker, Arndt Wilcke, Nikolay Zahariev, Shannon P. McPherron, Tsenka Tsanova

Issue&Volume: 2020-05-11

Abstract: The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe witnessed the replacement and partial absorption of local Neanderthal populations by Homo sapiens populations of African origin1. However, this process probably varied across regions and its details remain largely unknown. In particular, the duration of chronological overlap between the two groups is much debated, as are the implications of this overlap for the nature of the biological and cultural interactions between Neanderthals and H. sapiens. Here we report the discovery and direct dating of human remains found in association with Initial Upper Palaeolithic artefacts2, from excavations at Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria). Morphological analysis of a tooth and mitochondrial DNA from several hominin bone fragments, identified through proteomic screening, assign these finds to H. sapiens and link the expansion of Initial Upper Palaeolithic technologies with the spread of H. sapiens into the mid-latitudes of Eurasia before 45 thousand years ago3. The excavations yielded a wealth of bone artefacts, including pendants manufactured from cave bear teeth that are reminiscent of those later produced by the last Neanderthals of western Europe4,5,6. These finds are consistent with models based on the arrival of multiple waves of H. sapiens into Europe coming into contact with declining Neanderthal populations7,8.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2259-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2259-z

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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