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研究报道先驱人牙齿蛋白质组
2020-04-02 17:32

2020年4月1日,丹麦哥本哈根大学Enrico Cappellini、Eske Willerslev、Frido Welker、西班牙国立人类进化研究中心José María Bermúdez de Castroz等研究人员合作在《自然》杂志在线发表论文,报道了先驱人的牙齿蛋白质组。

研究人员报道了阿塔普尔卡(西班牙)先驱人和德马尼西(格鲁吉亚)直立人的牙釉质蛋白质组,这两种重要的化石组合在更新世人类的形态、分散和发散模型中起着核心作用。研究人员提供的证据表明,先驱人是后来的中更新世人和晚期更新世人的近亲谱系,包括现代人类、尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人。

这种位置暗示先驱人的现代样面孔(即类似于现代人类的面孔)在人属中可能具有相当深厚的血统,并且尼安德特人的颅骨形态代表了衍生形式。通过恢复AMELY特异性肽序列,研究人员还发现,阿塔普尔卡先驱人臼齿片段属于男性个体。最后,这些先驱人和直立人化石保留了牙形成过程中体内发生的牙釉质蛋白质组磷酸化和蛋白水解消化的证据。这些研究结果提供了关于先驱人与其他古人类之间进化关系的重要见解,并为将来使用牙釉质蛋白质组研究古人类生物学铺平了道路。

据介绍,欧亚大陆早更新世时期的人族(如先驱人)与更晚的中更新世时期化石记录中的人族(如智人)之间的系统发生关系备受争议。对于最古老的遗迹,古代DNA的降解阻碍了对这些关系的分子研究。但是,最近的研究表明,对古代蛋白质的分析可以解决这一挑战。

附:英文原文

Title: The dental proteome of Homo antecessor

Author: Frido Welker, Jazmn Ramos-Madrigal, Petra Gutenbrunner, Meaghan Mackie, Shivani Tiwary, Rosa Rakownikow Jersie-Christensen, Cristina Chiva, Marc R. Dickinson, Martin Kuhlwilm, Marc de Manuel, Pere Gelabert, Mara Martinn-Torres, Ann Margvelashvili, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Eudald Carbonell, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Kirsty Penkman, Eduard Sabid, Jrgen Cox, Jesper V. Olsen, David Lordkipanidze, Fernando Racimo, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Jos Mara Bermdez de Castro, Eske Willerslev, Enrico Cappellini

Issue&Volume: 2020-04-01

Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships between hominins of the Early Pleistocene epoch in Eurasia, such as Homo antecessor, and hominins that appear later in the fossil record during the Middle Pleistocene epoch, such as Homo sapiens, are highly debated1,2,3,4,5. For the oldest remains, the molecular study of these relationships is hindered by the degradation of ancient DNA. However, recent research has demonstrated that the analysis of ancient proteins can address this challenge6,7,8. Here we present the dental enamel proteomes of H. antecessor from Atapuerca (Spain)9,10 and Homo erectus from Dmanisi (Georgia)1, two key fossil assemblages that have a central role in models of Pleistocene hominin morphology, dispersal and divergence. We provide evidence that H. antecessor is a close sister lineage to subsequent Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. This placement implies that the modern-like face of H. antecessor—that is, similar to that of modern humans—may have a considerably deep ancestry in the genus Homo, and that the cranial morphology of Neanderthals represents a derived form. By recovering AMELY-specific peptide sequences, we also conclude that the H. antecessor molar fragment from Atapuerca that we analysed belonged to a male individual. Finally, these H. antecessor and H. erectus fossils preserve evidence of enamel proteome phosphorylation and proteolytic digestion that occurred in vivo during tooth formation. Our results provide important insights into the evolutionary relationships between H. antecessor and other hominin groups, and pave the way for future studies using enamel proteomes to investigate hominin biology across the existence of the genus Homo.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2153-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2153-8

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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