小柯机器人

美国加州大学旧金山分校Arnold R. Kriegstein、Wei Huang课题组的最新研究揭示了人少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）的来源和增殖状态。这一研究成果在线发表在2020年7月16日的《细胞》上。

研究人员发现表达EGFR的“前OPCs”起源于外侧放射状神经胶质细胞（oRGs），并在分裂过程中经历了有丝分裂体转位（MST）。oRG衍生的Pre-OPC为人类皮质少突胶质细胞前体细胞（OPC）提供了其他来源，并确定了谱系轨迹。进一步研究表明，人OPC经历了连续的对称分裂，并以指数型方式增加了祖细胞的大小。

此外，研究发现，OPC高度表达的基因PCDH15介导子细胞排斥并促进增殖。这些发现表明，OPC的衍生、增殖和分散特性对人类白质的扩增和髓鞘形成很重要。

研究人员表示，人大脑皮层的大小和复杂性在进化过程中大大增加。虽然祖细胞多样性的增加和增殖潜能的提高在人类神经发生和灰质扩张中起重要作用，但人类少突胶质生成和白质扩张的机制仍然未知。

附：英文原文

Title: Origins and Proliferative States of Human Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells

Author: Wei Huang, Aparna Bhaduri, Dmitry Velmeshev, Shaohui Wang, Li Wang, Catherine A. Rottkamp, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, David H. Rowitch, Arnold R. Kriegstein

Issue&Volume: 2020-07-16

Abstract: Human cerebral cortex size and complexity has increased greatly during evolution. While increased progenitor diversity and enhanced proliferative potential play important roles in human neurogenesis and gray matter expansion, the mechanisms of human oligodendrogenesis and white matter expansion remain largely unknown. Here, we identify EGFR-expressing “Pre-OPCs” that originate from outer radial glial cells (oRGs) and undergo mitotic somal translocation (MST) during division. oRG-derived Pre-OPCs provide an additional source of human cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and define a lineage trajectory. We further show that human OPCs undergo consecutive symmetric divisions to exponentially increase the progenitor pool size. Additionally, we find that the OPC-enriched gene, PCDH15, mediates daughter cell repulsion and facilitates proliferation. These findings indicate properties of OPC derivation, proliferation, and dispersion important for human white matter expansion.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.027

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30759-5